GNPS - South African Stromatolites 03/18 Scoenmakerskop
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Four subsamples of stromatolites from Schoenmakerskop pool (Flags 1, 3, 7,10), plus Combiflash C18 chromatographic fractions from one bulk sample extract.
Project description:Liver samples were lysed (15 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl and 15 mM MgCl2, plus inhibitors (1 mg/ml heparin 100 µg/ml cycloheximide and 80 U RNAsin)), added to a 10-50% sucrose gradient and ultracentrifuged at 182,000x g for 2 hours. The gradient was aliquotted into 16 1ml fractions and added to Tri reagent (Sigma). RNA was extracted as per the manufacturer's instructions and then sub-pooled into fractions corresponding to monosomes, light polysomes, medium polysomes and heavy polysomes, according to ribosomal density (more ribosomal occupancy = higher translational activity = heavier, and therefore, located in the more dense fractions). Microarray analysis was performed by hybridising control (vehicle treated) monosomes against test (high-dose treated) monosomes on one microarray, control light polysomes against test light polysomes on a second microarray, and so forth for each sub-pool of fractions. Following microarray analysis there were a maximum of four values for each mRNA, corresponding to the proportional representation of that mRNA within each sub-pool of fractions. By calculating the change in values, i.e. degree of slope, across the monosomal region, the light polysomal region, the medium polysomal region and the dense polysomal region it was possible to determine any translational change in activity. In addition, the overall transcriptional change could be analysed for each mRNA.
Project description:Liver samples were lysed (15 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl and 15 mM MgCl2, plus inhibitors (1 mg/ml heparin 100 µg/ml cycloheximide and 80 U RNAsin)), added to a 10-50% sucrose gradient and ultracentrifuged at 182,000x g for 2 hours. The gradient was aliquotted into 16 1ml fractions and added to Tri reagent (Sigma). RNA was extracted as per the manufacturer's instructions and then sub-pooled into fractions corresponding to monosomes, light polysomes, medium polysomes and heavy polysomes, according to ribosomal density (more ribosomal occupancy = higher translational activity = heavier, and therefore, located in the more dense fractions). Microarray analysis was performed by hybridising control (vehicle treated) monosomes against test (high-dose treated) monosomes on one microarray, control light polysomes against test light polysomes on a second microarray, and so forth for each sub-pool of fractions. Following microarray analysis there were a maximum of four values for each mRNA, corresponding to the proportional representation of that mRNA within each sub-pool of fractions. By calculating the change in values, i.e. degree of slope, across the monosomal region, the light polysomal region, the medium polysomal region and the dense polysomal region it was possible to determine any translational change in activity. In addition, the overall transcriptional change could be analysed for each mRNA. Dual colour microarrays performed on n = 3 samples, implementing a dye swap design. Control samples were treated with vehicle only. The treated samples had 1120mg/kg of the compound (Tetraethyl[(3-hydroxy-2-pyridyl)amino]-methanediphosphonate) for 15 days.
Project description:The adult somatosensory cortex undergoes reorganization in response to changes in peripheral input, such as limb usage patterns or denervation/amputation. This reorganization underlies important phenomena, such as phantom pain, recovery after stroke, and certain forms of learning. Although cellular processes, such as LTP, receptor regulation, axonal growth and synaptic formation have been theorized and studied in relation to cortical reorganization, conclusive evidence remains elusive. The identification of genes up- and down-regulated during reorganization will provide clues for which processes underlie reorganization. Reorganization is likely to involve forms of signaling between cortical neurons (e.g. release of growth factors), which could be identified through gene chip studies. Identification of genes modulated during reorganization will provide specific direction for further studies in the elucidation of the mechanism(s) underlying cortical reorganization. To identify those genes with altered regulation during the cortical reorganization process. We hypothesize that genes regulated during cortical reorganization will be components of the mechanism(s) underlying this important process, and that identification of these genes will provide insight for the design of further studies of cortical plasticity. Cortical reorganization in rat somatosensory cortex (S1) will be induced at the forepaw/lower jaw border by partially denervating the paw. The animals will be recovered and the reorganization allowed to proceed for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Control animals will receive a sham denervation. Following the allotted time, the border between the lower jaw and the now silent forepaw cortex will be mapped in vivo. A 500 um wide strip of cortex surrounding the border area will be excised and stored in RNAlater (Qiagen) at 20oC until processed for RNA extraction. The tissue will be dispersed using a disposable pestle and microcentrifuge tube and then homogenized in Qiashredder (Qiagen) columns. RNA will be extracted using a RNeasy Micro Kit. However, if the UCLA center has a rotor/stator homogenizer with a microcentrifuge tube sized probe, we would like to discuss the possibility of performing the RNA extraction there (we would expect a better yield, and cannot locate this equipment at UCR). An initial portion of this study will done for 3 day experimental and sham control animals, plus non-operated animals, with four animals per group. This will be to determine the variability among our samples and to familiarize our personnel with the process. The number of samples/group necessary for the remaining time points may be modified based on the results of the 3 day study. Keywords: time-course
Project description:Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, with vaccination likely to be a necessary part of a successful control strategy. Results of the first Phase 2b efficacy trial of a candidate vaccine, MVA85A, evaluated in BCG-vaccinated infants were published last year. Although no improvement in efficacy above BCG alone was seen, cryopreserved samples from this trial provide an opportunity to study the immune response to vaccination in this population. Methods: We investigated blood samples taken before vaccination (baseline) and one and 28 days post-vaccination with MVA85A or placebo (Candin). The IFN-γ ELISpot assay was performed at baseline and on day 28 to quantify the adaptive response to Ag85A peptides. Gene expression analysis was performed at all three timepoints to identify early gene signatures predictive of the magnitude of the subsequent adaptive T cell response using the significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) statistical package and gene set enrichment analysis. Results: One day post-MVA85A, there is an induction of inflammatory pathways compared to placebo samples. Modules associated with myeloid cells and inflammation pre- and one day post-MVA85A correlate with a higher IFN-γ ELISpot response post-vaccination. By contrast, previous work done in UK adults shows early inflammation in this population is not associated with a strong T cell response but that induction of regulatory pathways inversely correlates with the magnitude of the T cell response. This may be indicative of important mechanistic differences in how T cell responses develop in these two populations following vaccination with MVA85A. Conclusion: The results suggest the capacity of MVA85A to induce a strong innate response is key to the initiation of an adaptive immune response in South African infants but induction of regulatory pathways may be more important in UK adults. Understanding differences in immune response to vaccination between populations is likely to be an important aspect of developing successful vaccines and vaccination strategies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00953927
Project description:This project aimed to discover genes that regulate the transition from 2D to 3D growth in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Mutants were generated that failed to initiate 3D growth. Bulk segregant analysis was conducted to identify the causative genes. This experiment contains four samples - GdGFP, VxmCherry, WT-pool, Mt-pool.
Project description:The small-RNA fraction from seven breast cell lines and one normal breast RNA sample (Ambion) was hybridized against a pool of small-RNA fractions from the six cancer cell lines. We used home-made microRNA-micro arrays (R.Livesey lab, Biochemistry Department, University of Cambridge). For ea ch sample (cell line or normal) we hybridized two technical replicates and two dye-swaps which makes a total of four data sets for each sample.
Project description:ATAC-Seq on OCIAML-22 CD34+, CD34-, and Bulk Fractions
RNA-Seq on OCIAML-22 CD34+/CD38-, CD34+/CD38+, CD34-/CD38+, CD34-/CD38- Fractions
WGS on Donor Bulk, OCIAML-22 Bulk, and CD34+ and CD34- Fractions out of OCIAML-22 Xenografts
Project description:Micrarray analysis was used to identify gene expression changes associated with disease development and virus movement in N.benthamina plants induced by infection with the SACMV 1-Plex , 385K array Nicotiana benthamiana (NimbleGen design name: 110121_N_benthamiana_60mer_exp) was used in this study to monitor changes in gene expression levels in SACMV- infected leaf tissue. Three biological replicates were used for infected leaf tissue and one pooled mock-inoculated sample was used as a control/reference.