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GNPS Chemodiversity in Aspergillus section Flavi

ABSTRACT: Aspergillus section Flavi includes some of the most famous mycotoxin producing filamentous fungi known to mankind. Most notably, food contaminating species such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus are capable of producing aflatoxins, while other non-toxinogenic species such as A. oryzae and A. sojae are substantially used in biotechnology for production fermented foods, enzymes and small organic compounds. In recent years a number of new species have been included in section Flavi, however these species have been much less studied from a chemical point of view. In this study, we explored one representative strain of a total of 28 fungal species in section Flavi by systematically evaluating the relationship between taxonomy and secondary metabolites with LC-MS/MS analysis for the first time and dereplication through an in-house database and the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform, which is a powerful tool for large-scale chemotaxonomic analysis of closely related species in genus Aspergillus.

INSTRUMENT(S): Agilent Quadrupole Time-of-Flight LC/MS

ORGANISM(S): Aspergillus Sp. (ncbitaxon:5065)

SUBMITTER: Thomas O. Larsen Jens C. Frisvad

PROVIDER: MSV000086604 | GNPS | Tue Dec 15 16:00:00 GMT 2020

REPOSITORIES: GNPS

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Project description:Asexual development is fundamental to the ecology and lifestyle of filamentous fungi and can facilitate both plant and human infection. In the filamentous fungal genus Aspergillus, the production of asexual spores is primarily governed by the BrlA-AbaA-WetA central regulatory cascade. The final step in this cascade, which is controlled by the WetA protein, not only governs cellular development (i.e., the morphological differentiation of spores) but also ensures its coupling with chemical development (i.e., the coordinated production and deposition of diverse secondary metabolites, such as aflatoxins, into spores). While the wetA gene is conserved across the genus Aspergillus, the structure and degree of conservation of the BrlA-AbaA-WetA regulatory cascade and the broader wetA gene regulatory network (GRN) remain largely unknown. We carried out comparative transcriptome analyses between wetA null mutant and wild type (WT) asexual spores in three representative species spanning the diversity of the genus Aspergillus: the genetic model A. nidulans, the agricultural pest A. flavus, and the human pathogen A. fumigatus. We discovered that WetA regulates asexual sporulation in all three species via a negative feedback loop that represses BrlA, the cascade’s first step. Furthermore, ChIP-seq experiments in A. nidulans asexual spores suggest that WetA is a DNA-binding protein that interacts with a novel regulatory element, which we term the WetA Response Element (WRE). Interestingly, the WRE is found completely conserved in the non-coding region upstream of the wetA translation start site of many diverse Aspergillus genomes. In contrast, several global transcriptional regulators, most notably those in the velvet complex (veA, velB, and laeA) known to regulate the coupling between asexual development and production of secondary metabolites, show species-specific regulatory patterns. These results suggest that the BrlA-AbaA-WetA cascade’s regulatory role in cellular and chemical development of asexual spores is functionally conserved, but that the WetA-associated GRN has diverged during Aspergillus evolution. This entry is for the ChIP-seq data.

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GNPS Chemodiversity in Aspergillus section Flavi

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