Proteolytic processing of CD99
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive
ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (ncbitaxon:9606)
SUBMITTER: 
Andreas Tholey
PROVIDER: MSV000080746 | MassIVE | Wed Mar 29 05:11:00 BST 2017
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PXD005428
REPOSITORIES: MassIVE
Publications
Ectodomain shedding of CD99 within highly conserved regions is mediated by the metalloprotease meprin β and promotes transendothelial cell migration.
Bedau Tillmann T Peters Florian F Prox Johannes J Arnold Philipp P Schmidt Frederike F Finkernagel Malin M Köllmann Sandra S Wichert Rielana R Otte Anna A Ohler Anke A Stirnberg Marit M Lucius Ralph R Koudelka Tomas T Tholey Andreas A Biasin Valentina V Pietrzik Claus U CU Kwapiszewska Grazyna G Becker-Pauly Christoph C
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 20161221 3
The adhesion molecule CD99 is essential for the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. In this study, we used biochemical and cellular assays to show that CD99 undergoes ectodomain shedding by the metalloprotease meprin β and subsequent intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase. The cleavage site in CD99 was identified by mass spectrometry within an acidic region highly conserved through different vertebrate species. This finding fits perfectly to the unique cleavage specificity of meprin β wi ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The adhesion molecule CD99 is essential for transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes. Here we demonstrate by biochemical and cellular assays that CD99 undergoes ectodomain shedding by the metalloprotease meprin β and subsequent intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase. The cleavage site in CD99 was identified by mass spectrometry within an acidic region highly conserved through different vertebrate species.
2017-01-02 | PXD005428 | Pride
Project description:Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a membrane protein known to modulate cell-cell adhesion, is also a signaling molecule internalized into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Here we demonstrate that activated EGF/EGFR is a signaling factor to drive the proteolysis of EpCAM. Cleavage of the extracellular fragment EpEX results in topographic fading of cell-surface EpCAM detected by antibody-conjugated cantilevers of atomic force microscope (AFM). As a result, internalization of the cytoplasmic domain EpICD forms a transcription factor complex with LEF1 that regulates gene transcription for enhanced cell-mobility functions. Comprehensive probing of cell surface using AFM tip (without antibody) reveals increased elasticity and non-stickiness of these cells, promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. While EpCAM cleavage may contribute to the loss of cell-surface adhesiveness, its internalized EpICD additionally regulates targets for promoting cell migration. Thus, this EGF/EGFR-modulated action on structural EpCAM and regulatory EpICD can enhance invasion potential of transformed cells. RL95-2 were stimulated with EGF for 0,12,24,and 48 hr.Immunoprecipitation was carried out using antibodies against EpCAM and Lef-1, sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 2000
2015-09-12 | E-GEOD-72948 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a membrane protein known to modulate cell-cell adhesion, is also a signaling molecule internalized into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Here we demonstrate that activated EGF/EGFR is a signaling factor to drive the proteolysis of EpCAM. Cleavage of the extracellular fragment EpEX results in topographic fading of cell-surface EpCAM detected by antibody-conjugated cantilevers of atomic force microscope (AFM). As a result, internalization of the cytoplasmic domain EpICD forms a transcription factor complex with LEF1 that regulates gene transcription for enhanced cell-mobility functions. Comprehensive probing of cell surface using AFM tip (without antibody) reveals increased elasticity and non-stickiness of these cells, promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. While EpCAM cleavage may contribute to the loss of cell-surface adhesiveness, its internalized EpICD additionally regulates targets for promoting cell migration. Thus, this EGF/EGFR-modulated action on structural EpCAM and regulatory EpICD can enhance invasion potential of transformed cells.
2015-09-12 | GSE72948 | GEO
Project description:Prss14/ST14 is a type II transmembrane serine protease which is reported to be overexpressed in many epithelial cancers and plays critical roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Prss14/ST14 undergoes ectodomain shedding in response to various stimulus including serum, TGF-β, and PMA. The fate of the residual membrane anchored N-terminal fragment (NTF) remains unknown. We show that the membrane-bound remnant, which is resulted from PMA-induced ectodomain shedding mediated by tumor necrosis factor-a converting enzyme (TACE) is subjected to regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). The signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) is identified as the enzyme carrying out this RIP. After RIP, we demonstrate that the generated soluble Prss14/ST14 intracellular domain (EICD) translocates to the nucleus. The ability of cell invasion and migration is abolished in SPPL2b-knockdown cells and these are recovered by transfection of exogenous EICD (N55). Furthermore, EICD is able to activate transcription and this observation prompts us to investigate target genes of EICD using RNA-seq. Analysis of RNA-seq results using samples from multiple conditions and network analysis reveal the EICD target genes that are associated with migration, invasion, and EMT. Furthermore, N55-overexpressing cell lines show scattered phenotype and increased EMT markers expression. ER-negative breast cancer patients with high expression of FOS or MMP13, the target genes, and Prss14/ST14 show poor survival outcomes, suggesting these genes can be used for prognosis markers of ER negative breast cancer. In this study, we propose a new mechanism to facilitate the cancer cell migration, invasion, and EMT by transcriptional regulation of EICD generated by SPPL2b.
2020-05-15 | GSE114602 | GEO
Project description:Full-length membrane PTK7 and its N-terminal and C-terminal proteolytic fragments induced differential transcriptional profiles in HT1080 cells. Pseudokinase PTK7 is an essential regulator of planar cell polarity (PCP) and directional cell motility in the course of vertebrate development and embryogenesis, and regulates both the non-canonical Wnt/PCP and canonical Wnt pathways. In contrast to its well-appreciated, crucial role in embryo development, the functional importance of the intact full-length PTK7 in malignancy is still a matter of debate. In humans, the full-length membrane PTK7 consists of seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, a transmembrane region, a juxtamembrane region and a catalytically inert cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (PTK) domain. Because pericellular proteolysis plays a primary role in cell migration, especially in the directional locomotion of tumor cells, it is likely that proteolysis and PCP converge to promote efficient directed cancer cell migration. In agreement, the functionality of PTK7 is directly regulated by proteolysis. Ubiquitous membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), arguably the primary enzyme in pericellular proteolysis and cancer cell migration, cleaves the PKP621↓LI sequence in the seventh Ig-like domain of membrane PTK7 and this cleavage results in the liberation of the N-terminal soluble PTK7 fragment (sPTK7). MT1-MMP proteolysis is followed by the cleavage of the C-terminal residual portion of PTK7 by ADAMs, including ADAM17. The ectodomain shedding is a prerequisite for the intramembrane cleavage of PTK7 by γ-secretase. This cleavage releases the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail fragment of PTK7, which is then either degraded by the proteasome or transported to the nucleus.The limited pre-existing data suggest that the full-length membrane PTK7 and its proteolytic products cause an opposing effect on the efficiency of cell migration. Thus, the continuing presence of the full-length membrane PTK7 on the plasma membrane down-regulated the myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation (a downstream event of the Wnt/PCP pathway) and, in agreement, reduced migration efficiency of fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. MT1-MMP proteolysis of PTK7 reversed the inhibitory effect of the full-length membrane PTK7, resulted in the accumulation of the stable N-terminal sPTK7 fragment in the extracellular milieu and promoted cell invasion of HT1080 cells. Expression of the Chz PTK7 mutant that exhibited an additional PEK↓LK503 MT1-MMP cleavage site in the junction region between the fifth and the sixth Ig-like domains stimulated cell migration even further. These effects suggest the existence of the intriguing and specific downstream mechanisms by which the intact PTK7, its digest fragments and the homo- and heterodimeric complexes between the PTK7 membrane, soluble and intracellular portions control cell function. These mechanisms, however, have not been precisely investigated in the earlier works by us and others. Understanding of these mechanisms will shed additional light on the role that PTK7 alone as well as in its combination with MT1-MMP, ADAMs and γ-secretase plays in cancer cell migration.
2013-12-16 | GSE53340 | GEO
Project description:Full-length membrane PTK7 and its N-terminal and C-terminal proteolytic fragments induced differential transcriptional profiles in HT1080 cells. Pseudokinase PTK7 is an essential regulator of planar cell polarity (PCP) and directional cell motility in the course of vertebrate development and embryogenesis, and regulates both the non-canonical Wnt/PCP and canonical Wnt pathways. In contrast to its well-appreciated, crucial role in embryo development, the functional importance of the intact full-length PTK7 in malignancy is still a matter of debate. In humans, the full-length membrane PTK7 consists of seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, a transmembrane region, a juxtamembrane region and a catalytically inert cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (PTK) domain. Because pericellular proteolysis plays a primary role in cell migration, especially in the directional locomotion of tumor cells, it is likely that proteolysis and PCP converge to promote efficient directed cancer cell migration. In agreement, the functionality of PTK7 is directly regulated by proteolysis. Ubiquitous membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), arguably the primary enzyme in pericellular proteolysis and cancer cell migration, cleaves the PKP621M-bM-^FM-^SLI sequence in the seventh Ig-like domain of membrane PTK7 and this cleavage results in the liberation of the N-terminal soluble PTK7 fragment (sPTK7). MT1-MMP proteolysis is followed by the cleavage of the C-terminal residual portion of PTK7 by ADAMs, including ADAM17. The ectodomain shedding is a prerequisite for the intramembrane cleavage of PTK7 by M-NM-3-secretase. This cleavage releases the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail fragment of PTK7, which is then either degraded by the proteasome or transported to the nucleus.The limited pre-existing data suggest that the full-length membrane PTK7 and its proteolytic products cause an opposing effect on the efficiency of cell migration. Thus, the continuing presence of the full-length membrane PTK7 on the plasma membrane down-regulated the myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation (a downstream event of the Wnt/PCP pathway) and, in agreement, reduced migration efficiency of fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. MT1-MMP proteolysis of PTK7 reversed the inhibitory effect of the full-length membrane PTK7, resulted in the accumulation of the stable N-terminal sPTK7 fragment in the extracellular milieu and promoted cell invasion of HT1080 cells. Expression of the Chz PTK7 mutant that exhibited an additional PEKM-bM-^FM-^SLK503 MT1-MMP cleavage site in the junction region between the fifth and the sixth Ig-like domains stimulated cell migration even further. These effects suggest the existence of the intriguing and specific downstream mechanisms by which the intact PTK7, its digest fragments and the homo- and heterodimeric complexes between the PTK7 membrane, soluble and intracellular portions control cell function. These mechanisms, however, have not been precisely investigated in the earlier works by us and others. Understanding of these mechanisms will shed additional light on the role that PTK7 alone as well as in its combination with MT1-MMP, ADAMs and M-NM-3-secretase plays in cancer cell migration. To evaluate in detail the effects of PTK7 and its proteolytic fragments on genome-wide transcriptional regulation, we specifically employed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. These highly invasive cells express low endogenous levels of PTK7 but high levels of active MT1-MMP and ADAMs. Because of these parameters, we could manipulate this preudokinase functionality using HT1080 cells transfected with the recombinant PTK7 constructs. The cells we employed included the PTK7 knock-out cells (shPTK7 cells), cells with the enforced overexpression of the original membrane PTK7 (PTK7 cells) and its Chuzhoi (Chz) mutant that exhibited an additional PEKM-bM-^FM-^SLK503 MT1-MMP cleavage site (Chz cells), and the cells, which overexpresssed multiple deletion species of PTK7. These species represented the soluble (sPTK7), membrane and cytoplasmic C-terminal digest fragments that resulted because of PTK7 cleavage by MT1-MMP (cPTK7/622-1070) and ADAM/gammaM-bM-^@M-^Ssecretase (cPTK7/726-1070). Expression of these constructs allowed us to specifically determine the downstream effect of PTK7 proteolysis on gene expression. HT1080 cells were stably transfected with the PTK7 constructs. Cells (1 x 10^4/ml) were plated in DMEM- 10% FBS in a 100-mm dish and grown for 72 h to produce a subconfluent culture. Total cellular RNA was extracted using a Direct-zol RNA MiniPrep kit (Zymo Research). Biotin-labeled cRNA samples were prepared using the Illumina RNA Amplification Kit (Ambion). The labeled cRNA (750 ng) was hybridized for 18 h at 58M-BM-0C to the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip (Illumina). BeadChips were then developed using fluorolink streptavidin-Cy3 (GE Healthcare). Array chips were scanned using an Illumina BeadArray Reader. The initial data extraction and normalization were performed using the BeadArray Reader and GeneSpring GX software (Agilent).
2013-12-16 | E-GEOD-53340 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Expression data from MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cells treated with metalloproteinase inhibitor (10uM BB94), MEK inhibitor (3uM PD325901), or DMSO control shows substantial overlap in the transcriptional responses arising from MEK and protease inhibition, suggesting a shared mechanism of action. Kinase inhibitor resistance often involves upregulation of poorly understood “bypass” signaling pathways. Here, we show that extracellular proteomic adaptation is one path to bypass signaling and drug resistance. Proteolytic shedding of surface receptors, which can provide negative feedback on signaling activity, is blocked by kinase inhibitor treatment and enhances bypass signaling. In particular, MEK inhibition broadly decreases shedding of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including HER4, MET, and most prominently AXL, an ADAM10 and ADAM17 substrate, thus increasing surface RTK levels and mitogenic signaling. Progression-free survival of melanoma patients treated with clinical BRAF/MEK inhibitors inversely correlates with RTK shedding reduction following treatment, as measured non-invasively in blood plasma. Disrupting protease inhibition by neutralizing TIMP1 improves MAPK inhibitor efficacy, and combined MAPK/AXL inhibition synergistically reduces tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft models. Altogether, extracellular proteomic rewiring through reduced RTK shedding represents a surprising mechanism for bypass signaling in cancer drug resistance.
2016-03-21 | GSE77868 | GEO
Project description:Previously, we suggested a cytosolic role for the histone-methyltransferase Ezh2 in regulating lymphocyte activation, but molecular mechanisms underpinning this extra-nuclear function remained unclear. Here we show that Ezh2 regulates integrin-signaling and adhesion dynamics of neutrophils and dendritic cells. Ezh2 deficiency impaired integrin-dependent transendothelial migration of innate leukocytes and restricted disease progression in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Direct methylation of talin, a key regulatory molecule in cell migration, by Ezh2 disrupted talin binding to F-actin and thereby promoted adhesion structure turnover. This regulatory effect was abolished by targeted disruption of Ezh2 interactions with Vav1. Our studies reveal a novel extra-nuclear function for Ezh2 in regulating adhesion dynamics with implications for leukocyte migration, immune responses and potentially pathogenic processes. Control and Ezh2-deficient bone marrow derived immature and mature dendritic cells were analyzed in triplicates
2015-03-09 | E-GEOD-60146 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Neuregulin 2 (NRG2) belongs to the EGF family of growth factors. Most of this family members require proteolytic cleavage to liberate their ectodomains capable of binding and activating their cognate ErbB receptors. To date, most of the studies investigating proteolytic processing of neuregulins focused on NRG1, which was shown to undergo ectodomain shedding by several ADAM proteases and BACE1 and the remaining fragment was further cleaved by γ-secretase. Recently, NRG2 attracted more attention due to its role in the neurogenesis and modulation of behaviors associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we used genetic engineering methods to identify proteases involved in proteolytic processing of murine NRG2. Using non-neuronal cell lines as well as cultures of primary hippocampal neurons, we demonstrated that the major proteases responsible for releasing NRG2 ectodomain are ADAM10 and BACE2. Co-expression of NRG2 and BACE2 in neurons of certain brain structures including medulla oblongata and cerebellar deep nuclei was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining. The cleavage of NRG2 by ADAM10 or BACE2 generates a C-terminal fragment that serves as a substrate for γ-secretase. We also showed that murine NRG2 is subject to post-translational modifications, substantial glycosylation of its extracellular part, and phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail.
| S-EPMC7118043 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interventions: case series:None
Primary outcome(s): Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1;Simple Mental State Examination Scale
Study Design: Sequential
| 2759748 | ecrin-mdr-crc