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Cadmium exposure negatively impacts immune response, proteins synthesis and energy metabolism in Anopheles gambiae larvae

ABSTRACT: Cadmium is one of the widely used Heavy metals in commercial and industrial products and contributes to environmental contamination in urban settings. Heavy metal toxicity comes with a fitness cost to insects. Here we investigated the proteome of the malaria mosquito An. gambiae lava after multigenerational exposure to cadmium at physiologically relevant concentrations and observed the disregulation of larval immunity, energy metabolism, antioxidant enzymes among other biological processes.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive

ORGANISM(S): Anopheles Gambiae (ncbitaxon:7165)

SUBMITTER: Paul O. Mireji James M. Njunge Martin Rono

PROVIDER: MSV000082754 | MassIVE | Tue Aug 07 01:45:00 BST 2018

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PXD010707

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:The heavy use of pesticides in intensive agricultural areas often leads to the contamination of neighbouring mosquito larvae breeding sites. Such exposure to complex agrochemical mixtures can affect the tolerance of mosquitoes larvae to insecticides. The objective of this study was to determine whether agrochemical pollutants found in Anopheline larval breeding sites can affect the tolerance of adults to Fludora® Fusion, a novel vector control insecticide formulation combining two insecticides with distinct modes of action. An. gambiae larvae were exposed to a sub-lethal dose of a mixture of agrochemical pesticides representative of a region with an intense agricultural activity in Ivory Coast. Comparative bioassays with Fludora® Fusion and its two insecticide component (deltamethrine and clothianidin) were carried out between adult mosquitoes exposed or not to the agrochemicals at the larval stage. A transcriptomic analysis through RNA sequencing was subsequently performed in larvae and adults in order to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes observed. Bioessais revealed a significant increased tolerance of adult females to clothianidin (2.5-fold) and Fludora® Fusion (2.2-fold) following larval exposure to agrochemicals. No significant increased tolerance to deltamethrin was observed suggesting that pesticide exposure affects the efficacy of the Fludora® Fusion mixture mainly through mechanisms acting on clothianidin tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the potential of agrochemicals to induce various resistance mechanisms including cuticle proteins, detoxifications activities and altered insecticide sequestration. These results suggest that though Fludora® Fusion has a good potential for vector control, its efficacy may be locally affected by the ecological context. The present study also suggests that, although the complex interactions between the use of agrochemicals and vector control insecticides are difficult to decipher in the field, they still must be considered in the frame of insecticide resistance management programmes.

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Cadmium exposure negatively impacts immune response, proteins synthesis and energy metabolism in Anopheles gambiae larvae

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