Spatial Protein Expression of Panax Ginseng by In-depth Proteomic Analysis for Ginsenoside Biosynthesis and Transportation
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos
ORGANISM(S): Panax Ginseng (ncbitaxon:4054)
SUBMITTER: 
Lianghai Hu
PROVIDER: MSV000084331 | MassIVE |
REPOSITORIES: MassIVE
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Project description:BackgroundPanax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components.MethodsWe optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique.ResultsA total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering.ConclusionThe systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.
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Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNA) are ~21 nucleotide long, small endogenous non-coding RNAs that functioning in regulation of gene expression found in many eukaryotes. In this study, small RNA libraries of opium poppy from four different tissues (leaf, root, capsule, stem) were sequenced using high-throughput next generation Illumina sequencing (Solexa) technology to investigate potential mode of actions of miRNAs in alkaloid biosynthesis. A total of 27 opium poppy miRNAs which have roles in regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis were identified in this study.
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Project description:Plant cells exhibit remarkable plasticity of their differentiation states, enabling regeneration of whole plants from differentiated somatic cells. How they revert cell fate and express pluripotency, however, remains unclear. Here we show that transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis is crucial for reprogramming differentiated leaf cells in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that intervention of histone acetyltransferases causes severe defects in callus formation from leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Our data suggest that histone acetylation affects transcription of auxin biosynthesis genes. Auxin biosynthesis is in turn required to accomplish initial cell division through the activation of G2/M phase genes mediated by MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 3-RELATED (MYB3Rs). We further show that AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 3 (IAA3)/IAA18-mediated auxin signaling pathway is responsible for the cell cycle reactivation in protoplasts. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into how differentiated plant cells revert their fate and reinitiate the cell cycle to exert pluripotency.
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Project description:Artemisia argyi Lev. et Vant., a common ancient compositae species, is widely utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. The underlying mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in leaf has been suggested to play an important role in this medicine. However, the transcriptome of A. argyi has not been established. Here, we performed RNA sequencing in leaf, root and stem tissues to identify all possibly transcribed genes. We assembled a total of 99,807 unigenes by analyzing the expression profiling that were generated from the three tissues. Of them, 67,446 unigenes (67.58%) were annotated from public databases including GO, KEGG, COG. We further performed differential gene expression analysis between leaf with stem and root tissue. Our findings revealed that a total of 7,725 unigenes were specified transcribed in leaf. In particular, we determined multiple genes, which encode significant enzymes including HMGR, MVD, DXS, DXR, HDS and HDR, and transcription factors related to terpenoid synthesis. This study established a valuable resource of transcriptome and identified many transcribed genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis, providing the genomic basis for further studies on the molecular mechanism of the medicine for this species.
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