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Exploiting ECM signatures associated with human metastases for targeting tumors and metastases using alpaca-derived nanobodies

ABSTRACT: Jailkhani N, Clauser KR, Mak H, Rickelt S, Tian C, Whittaker CA, Tanabe KK, Purdy SR, Carr SA, and Hynes RO.2022. Metastases are hard to detect and treat, and cause most cancer-related deaths. The relative lack of therapies targeting metastases represents a major unmet clinical need. The extracellular matrix or ECM forms a major component of the tumor microenvironment in both primary and metastatic tumors and certain ECM proteins can be selectively and abundantly expressed in such tumors. We propose that nanobodies against ECM proteins that show selective abundance in metastases can be used as vehicles for delivery of imaging and therapeutic cargoes. To gain a deeper understanding of the microenvironment of human metastases, we describe here an LC-MS/MS-based ECM signature shared by human TNBC and CRC metastases to different organs and provide evidence that this conserved set of ECM proteins is selectively elevated in other tumors. We also describe phage-display libraries of nanobodies raised against ECM-enriched preparations from human metastases from TNBC and CRC. As proof of concept, we developed selective and specific, high-affinity nanobodies against an example signature protein, Tenascin-C (TNC), known to be abundant in many tumor types and to play a role in metastases. We report that TNC is abundantly expressed in patient metastases and widely expressed across diverse metastatic sites originating from several primary tumor types. Using immuno-PET/CT we showed that anti-TNC nanobodies bind TNBC tumors and metastases with excellent specificity. We propose that such generic anti-tumor nanobodies are promising cancer-agnostic, in vivo tools for the delivery of therapeutics to tumor and metastatic ECM.

INSTRUMENT(S): Q Exactive Plus

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (ncbitaxon:9606)

SUBMITTER: Steven A. Carr

PROVIDER: MSV000089136 | MassIVE | Mon Mar 28 11:56:00 BST 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:Background & Aims: The metastatic process is complex and remains a major obstacle in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC). To gain a better insight into the biologic events driving the metastatic process we investigated genomic aberrations in a large cohort of matched CRC primaries and distant metastases from various sites. Methods: In total, 62 primary colorectal cancers, 62 matched normal specimens, and 68 matched metastases (from liver, lung, ovary, omentum, and distant lymph nodes) were analyzed by high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) for DNA copy number changes. Findings were validated using a publicly available dataset consisting of 21 primary tumors and matched liver metastases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm some of the DNA copy number changes observed. Results: Overall patterns of DNA copy number aberrations were highly similar between primary tumors and their metastases, confirming clonality. Additional copy number aberrations in metastasis are rare and rather than recurrent they were sporadic for individual patients. The only recurrent differences between primary tumors and their metastases were two chromosomal regions, 6q21 and 8q24.21 encompassing the MYC oncogene, that coamplified in three metastases of two patients (3.2%). FISH analysis confirmed the high level co-amplification in the metastasis, which were not detected in their primary tumors. Conclusions: Primary CRC and their metastases show highly similar patterns of DNA copy number changes, additional copy number aberrations in metastasis are rare and recurrences exceptional. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the metastatic potential is predestined early in the development of the primary tumor. In total, 62 primary colorectal cancers, 62 matched normal specimens, and 68 matched metastases (liver, lung, ovarian, omentum and distant lymph nodes) were analyzed by high resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH).

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Exploiting ECM signatures associated with human metastases for targeting tumors and metastases using alpaca-derived nanobodies

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