Proteomics

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Swapped genetic code block viral infections and gene transfer

ABSTRACT: Removing cellular transfer RNAs (tRNAs), making their cognate codons unreadable, creates a genetic firewall that prevents viral replication and horizontal gene transfer. However, numerous viruses and mobile genetic elements encode parts of the translational apparatus, including tRNAs, potentially rendering a genetic-code-based firewall ineffective. In this paper, we show that such horizontally transferred tRNA genes can enable viral replication in Escherichia coli cells despite the genome-wide lack of three codons and the previously essential cognate tRNAs and release factor 1. By repurposing viral tRNAs, we then develop recoded cells bearing an amino-acid-swapped genetic code that reassigns two of the six serine codons to leucine during translation. This amino-acid-swapped genetic code renders cells completely resistant to viral infections by mistranslating viral proteomes and prevents the escape of synthetic genetic information by engineered reliance on serine codons to produce leucine-requiring proteins. Finally, we also repurpose the third free codon to biocontain this virus-resistant host via dependence on an amino acid not found in nature.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap HFX

ORGANISM(S): Escherichia Coli (ncbitaxon:562)

SUBMITTER: George M. Church  

PROVIDER: MSV000089854 | MassIVE | Fri Jul 08 13:13:00 BST 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Engineering the genetic code of an organism has been proposed to provide a firewall from natural ecosystems by preventing viral infections and gene transfer<sup>1-6</sup>. However, numerous viruses and mobile genetic elements encode parts of the translational apparatus<sup>7-9</sup>, potentially rendering a genetic-code-based firewall ineffective. Here we show that such mobile transfer RNAs (tRNAs) enable gene transfer and allow viral replication in Escherichia coli despite the genome-wide remov  ...[more]

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