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Carbon sufficiency boosts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis early in peach fruit development priming superior fruit quality

ABSTRACT: Manipulating the crop load in peach trees determines carbon supply and optimum balance between fruit yield and quality potentials. The impact of carbon supply on peach fruit quality was assessed in three development stages (S2, S3, S4) on fruit of equal maturity from trees that were carbon (C) starved (unthinned) and sufficient (thinned). Previous studies determined that primary metabolites of peach fruit mesocarp are mainly linked with developmental processes, thus, the secondary metabolite profile was assessed using non-targeted liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). Carbon sufficient (C-sufficient) fruit demonstrated superior quality attributes as compared to C-starved fruit. Early metabolic shifts in the secondary metabolome appear to prime quality at harvest. Enhanced C-availability facilitated the increased and consistent synthesis of flavonoids, like catechin, epicatechin and eriodyctiol, via the phenylpropanoid pathway, providing a link between the metabolome and fruit quality, and serving as signatures of C-sufficiency during peach fruit development.

INSTRUMENT(S): LC: Waters Acquity UPLC system, MS: Waters Xevo G2-XS Q-TOF-MS

ORGANISM(S): Prunus Persica (ncbitaxon:3760)

SUBMITTER: Ioannis Minas

PROVIDER: MSV000090517 | MassIVE | Wed Oct 12 11:29:00 BST 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:Five rootstock cultivars of differing vigor: vigorous (Atlas and Brights Hybrid 5), standard (Krymsk 86 and Lovell) and dwarfing (Krymsk 1) with Redhaven as scion were studied for their impact on internal fruit quality and maturity. Five years of data showed that average yield (kg per tree) and fruit count increased significantly with increasing vigor (trunk cross sectional area, TCSA), however, no difference was observed in fruit size across rootstocks. In 2019, a detailed peach fruit quality analysis on fruit of equal maturity (based on index of absorbance difference, IAD) coming from trees with equal crop load (no. of fruit cm-2 of TCSA) characterized the direct impact of rootstock vigor on peach internal quality. Twenty-five fruits from each rootstock were assessed for maturity [IAD and flesh firmness (FF)] and internal quality [dry matter content (DMC) and soluble solids concentration (SSC)]. Physiologically characterized peach fruit mesocarp was further analyzed by non-targeted metabolite profiling using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). To account for differences in light availability created by the varying levels of vigor, and its influence on the developing fruits internal quality, mid-canopy photosynthetic active radiation transmission (i.e., light availability) was collected across genotypes with a line quantum sensor. DMC and SSC increased significantly with decreasing vigor and increasing light availability, potentially due to reduced intra-tree shading and better light distribution within the canopy. Metabolite distribution was associated with rootstock vigor class, mid-canopy light availability and fruit quality characteristics. Fructose, glucose, sorbose, neochlorogenic and quinic acids, catechin and sorbitol were associated with high light environments and enhanced quality traits, while sucrose, butanoic and malic acids related to low light conditions and inferior fruit quality. These outcomes show that while rootstock genotype and vigor are influencing peach tree productivity and yield, their effect on manipulating the light environment within the canopy also plays a significant role in fruit quality development.

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Carbon sufficiency boosts phenylpropanoid biosynthesis early in peach fruit development priming superior fruit quality

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