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Haemophilus ducreyi infection induces oxidative stress, central metabolic changes, and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory environment in the human host

ABSTRACT: Few studies have investigated host-bacterial interactions at sites of infection in humans using transcriptomics and metabolomics. Haemophilus ducreyi causes cutaneous ulcers in children and the genital ulcer disease chancroid in adults. We developed a human challenge model in which healthy adult volunteers are infected with H. ducreyi on the upper arm until they develop pustules. Here, we characterized host-pathogen interactions in pustules using transcriptomics and metabolomics and examined interactions between the host transcriptome and metabolome using integrated omics. In a previous pilot study, we determined the human and H. ducreyi transcriptomes and the metabolome of pustule and wounded sites of 4 volunteers (B. Griesenauer, et al. mBio 10(3):e01193-19 https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01193-19). While we could form provisional transcriptional networks between the host and H. ducreyi, the study was underpowered to integrate the metabolome with the host transcriptome. To better define and integrate the transcriptomes and metabolome, we used samples from both the pilot study (n=4) and new volunteers (n=8) to identify 5,495 human differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 123 H. ducreyi DEGs, 205 differentially abundant positive ions, and 198 differentially abundant negative ions. We identified 42 positively correlated and 29 negatively correlated human-H. ducreyi transcriptome clusters. In addition, we defined human transcriptome-metabolome networks consisting of 9 total clusters, which highlighted changes in fatty acid metabolism and mitigation of oxidative damage. Taken together, the data suggest a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory environment and rewired central metabolism in the host that provides a hostile, nutrient limited environment for H. ducreyi.

INSTRUMENT(S): TripleTOF 5600+

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (ncbitaxon:9606) Haemophilus Ducreyi 35000hp (ncbitaxon:233412)

SUBMITTER: Stanley M Spinola

PROVIDER: MSV000090626 | MassIVE | Tue Nov 01 09:25:00 GMT 2022

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:The transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of 16 S.cerevisiae backgrounds, combinatorially perturbed in HIS3, LEU2, URA3 and MET15strains are compared. The project was jointly supervised by Kathryn Lilley and Markus Ralser. Transcriptome data has been deposited at ArrayExpress under accession <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray-as/aer/result?queryFor=Experiment&eAccession=E-MTAB-3991">E-MTAB-3991</a>. Metabolome data has been deposited at Metabolights with accession number <a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS168">MTBLS168</a>. The regulation of gene expression in response to nutrient availability is fundamental to the genotype–phenotype relationship. The metabolic–genetic make-up of the cell, as reflected in auxotrophy, is hence likely to be a determinant of gene expression. Here, we address the importance of the metabolic–genetic background by monitoring transcriptome, proteome and metabolome in a repertoire of 16 Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory backgrounds, combinatorially perturbed in histidine, leucine, methionine and uracil biosynthesis. The metabolic background affected up to 85% of the coding genome. Suggesting widespread confounding, these transcriptional changes show, on average, 83% overlap between unrelated auxotrophs and 35% with previously published transcriptomes generated for non-metabolic gene knockouts. Background-dependent gene expression correlated with metabolic flux and acted, predominantly through masking or suppression, on 88% of transcriptional interactions epistatically. As a consequence, the deletion of the same metabolic gene in a different background could provoke an entirely different transcriptional response. Propagating to the proteome and scaling up at the metabolome, metabolic background dependencies reveal the prevalence of metabolism-dependent epistasis at all regulatory levels. Urging a fundamental change of the prevailing laboratory practice of using auxotrophs and nutrient supplemented media, these results reveal epistatic intertwining of metabolism with gene expression on the genomic scale.

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Haemophilus ducreyi infection induces oxidative stress, central metabolic changes, and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory environment in the human host

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