Project description:Small RNA-Seq analysis of on stool samples from an Italian cohort of 120 healthy individuals with three dietary habits. The cohort includes 72 women and 48 men included an equal proportion of vegetarians, vegans and omnivores.
Project description:We report the anaysis of the effect of the source of dietary fat (rapeseed oil, beef tallow, coconut oil) on the liver transcriptome. We observed significant changes in the expression of genes engaged incholesterol and bile acid biosynthesis, protein folding and processing, immunity, thyroid hormone metabolism and ER stress. .
Project description:The study evaluated effects of dietary cholesterol (CH), taurocholate (TC), choline (CN) and taurine (TA) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant based diet for 77 days. The additives did not affect growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but promoted induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine, whereas sterol uptake was suppressed. Microarray analyses in the liver indicated decreased cholesterol biosynthesis and enhanced conversion to bile acids. The marked effect of cholesterol on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to stimulate bile acid synthesis in fish. The study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol, and has expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover that adds to the knowledge of these processes in fish. Feed supplementation with choline improved lipid absorption and suppressed abnormal accumulation of fat in the gut.
Project description:The study evaluated effects of dietary cholesterol (1.5%) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant based diet for 77 days. Cholesterol supplementation did not affect growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but promoted induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine, whereas sterol uptake was suppressed. Microarray analyses in the liver indicated decreased cholesterol biosynthesis and enhanced conversion to bile acids. The marked effect of cholesterol on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to stimulate bile acid synthesis in fish. The study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol, and has expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover that adds to the knowledge of these processes in fish. Atlantic salmon received feeds based on plant ingredients with (CH) and without (K) supplementation of cholesterol. Liver samples were collected after 77 days. Five individuals from each group were analyzed with microarrays, pooled liver sample of salmon fed with commerical fish meal based feed was used as a reference.
Project description:This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary fat sources, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), on the growth performance, meat quality and gene expression in growing-finishing pigs. The results of this study indicate that the type of dietary fat affects fatty acid composition and insulin signaling-related gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs. Effects of dietary fat types on meat quantity, meat quality and gene expression in pig.
Project description:This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary fat sources, i.e., beef tallow, soybean oil, olive oil and coconut oil (each 3% in feed), on the growth performance, meat quality and gene expression in growing-finishing pigs. The results of this study indicate that the type of dietary fat affects fatty acid composition and insulin signaling-related gene expression in the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs.
Project description:Longitudinal analysis of Salmonella typhimurium mRNA from superspeader mouse cecal content and stool compared to in vitro Salmonella typhimurium mRNA.
Project description:The spatiotemporal structure of the human microbiome, proteome, and metabolome reflects and determines regional intestinal physiology and may have implications for disease. Yet, we know little about the distribution of microbes, their environment, and their biochemical activity in the gut because of reliance on stool samples and limited access to only some regions of the gut using endoscopy in fasting or sedated individuals. To address these deficiencies, we developed and evaluated a safe, ingestible device that collects samples from multiple regions of the human intestinal tract during normal digestion and maintains the viability of microbes from these locations. The collection of 240 intestinal samples from 15 healthy individuals using the device and subsequent multi-omics analyses revealed significant differences between microbes, phages, host proteins, and metabolites present in the intestines versus stool. Certain microbial taxa and gene classes were differentially enriched, and prophage induction was more prevalent in the intestines than in stool. The host proteome and bile acid profiles varied along the intestines and were highly distinct from those of stool. Correlations between gradients in bile acid concentrations and microbial abundancepredicted species that altered the bile acid pool through deconjugation. Furthermore,microbially conjugated bile acids displayed amino acid-dependent trends in concentration that were not apparent in stool. Overall, non-invasive longitudinal profilingof microbes, proteins, and bile acids along the intestinal tract under physiological conditions can help elucidate the roles of the gut microbiome and metabolome in humanphysiology and disease.
Project description:Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for beef cattle health and commercial production. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the physiological responses of the animal to dietary Se supplementation, however, have not been evaluated. Furthermore, the potential effect of two chemical forms (organic vs. inorganic) of Se on gene expression by Se-sufficient cattle has not been evaluated. Microarray analysis using the GeneChip Bovine Genome Array (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) was conducted to determine if dietary Se supplementation in organic vs. inorganic form (OSe vs. ISe) differentially affects the liver gene expression profile in growing beef heifers.