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SDS22 coordinates the assembly of holoenzymes from nascent protein phosphatase-1

ABSTRACT: SDS22 forms an inactive complex with nascent protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and Inhibitor-3 (I3). SDS22:PP1:I3 is a substrate for the ATPase p97/VCP, which liberates PP1 for binding to canonical regulatory subunits. The exact role of SDS22 in PP1-holoenzyme assembly remains elusive. Here, we show that SDS22 prevents the aggregation of nascent PP1. In the absence of SDS22, PP1 was gradually lost, resulting in substrate hyperphosphorylation and a proliferation arrest. A human patient with an unstable SDS22 mutant also expressed reduced levels of PP1 and suffered from neurodevelopmental retardation. We furthermore found that SDS22 directly binds to I3 and that this is essential for the stable assembly of SDS22:PP1:I3, the recruitment of p97/VCP, and the extraction of SDS22 during holoenzyme assembly. SDS22 with a disabled I3-binding site co-transfered with PP1 to canonical regulatory subunits, thereby forming non-functional holoenzymes. Our data show that SDS22, by its ability to bind to both PP1 and I3, integrates the major steps of PP1 holoenzyme assembly.

INSTRUMENT(S): Orbitrap Fusion Lumos

ORGANISM(S): Homo Sapiens (ncbitaxon:9606)

SUBMITTER: Arminja Kettenbach

PROVIDER: MSV000094347 | MassIVE | Mon Mar 18 12:28:00 GMT 2024

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PXD050733

REPOSITORIES: MassIVE

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Project description:Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a Ser/Thr phosphatase that has been implicated in many key cellular functions including transcriptional regulation. Due to its involvement these many processes, it becomes difficult to directly link PP1 to transcriptional regulation on the chromatin level as no direct genomic binding sites have been identified. Previous work has failed to address this as the most common method used, namely chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), is an antibody-dependent technique and currently no ChIP-grade PP1 antibodies have been developed. Using DamID, an alternative to ChIP, we have identified PP1 isoform-specific binding sites on the promoter regions of genes. We also identified the binding sites of three main PP1 regulatory subunits (R-subunits) in order to identify potential PP1 holo-enzymes binding sites. Our study revealed the full extent of PP1 isoform specific binding an allowed us to investigate the dependency of the R-subunits on PP1 for chromatin targeting. This data establishes PP1 as a chromatin interactor and allow for the identification of direct effects PP1 can have on the regulation of the genes on whose promoter it is bound. HeLa stable cell lines were created using constructs derived from pIND-(V5)-EcoDam. These constructs express trace amounts of Dam or C-terminal fusions with PP1α, PP1β, PP1γ and three R-subunits, PNUTS, NIPP1 and RepoMan, both wildtype (WT) and their PP1-binding mutants (RATA). Two independent stable cell lines were set up for each of the constructs. DamID-DNA was labeled and hybridized to a GeneChip Human Promoter 1.0R Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The tiling array readouts were analyzed with the “model-based analysis of tiling arrays” (MAT) algorithm (version 1.0.0) against the hg19 reference genome. We normalized two biological replicates of each Dam-fusion over two Dam-only biological replicates. Each biological repeat consisted of 2 technical repeats pooled together prior to hybridization to the tiling array.

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SDS22 coordinates the assembly of holoenzymes from nascent protein phosphatase-1

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