Vaginal swab lipidome profiles at 48 h reflect the fat composition of neonatal diet during first two days postnatal
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Sus Scrofa Pig
TISSUE(S): Vaginal Epithelium
SUBMITTER: 
Christina Ferreira
PROVIDER: ST001224 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Thu Jun 06 00:00:00 BST 2019
REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench
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2016-06-01 | GSE39670 | GEO
Project description:Inborn errors of lipid metabolism illustrate the importance of proper milk fat oxidation in newborn mammals. In the liver, a remarkable lipid catabolic competence is present at birth; however, it is unclear how this critical trait is acquired and regulated. In this work, we found that the genes required for milk lipid catabolism are already transcribed before birth in the term fetus (E19.5) and controlled by the peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in mouse liver. The developmental activity of PPARα strongly regulates fatty acid oxidation genes. Two days after birth (P2), during milk suckling, PPARα-null mice develop a congenital steatosis and milk protein oxidation is de-repressed to fuel an alternative energy pathway that maintains glucose homeostasis and postnatal growth. Our results demonstrate for the first time, the developmental role of PPARα in regulating the metabolic ability to use maternal milk as fuel in the early days of life. Expression profile difference between PPARalpha wild-type (3 males and 3 females) and knock-out (3 males and 3 females) mouse liver in suckling mice. Two days after birth, pups were killed and their liver promptly removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen.
2016-06-01 | E-GEOD-39670 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The 4 day gene expression profile in the lactating mammary gland was demonstrated using the Human Ref-8 BeadChip array (Illumina, Inc). Of the 22,184 gene transcripts on the array, 14,070 genes were consistently expressed and represented the milk fat globule transcriptome. Milk protein genes were among the most highly expressed along with genes involved in the milk syntesis processes. Serial milk samples were collected every 3h for 4 days from 5 normal, lactating women. RNA was isolated from the milk fat globules and utilized for microarray analyses.
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Project description:We hypothesized that postnatal development of the vagina is impacted by early nutritional environment. Our objective was to determine if lipid profiles of vaginal swabs were different between postnatal gilts suckled by sow or fed milk replacer the first 48 h after birth, with or without a lard-based fat supplement. Gilts (>1.3 kg) were selected at birth across 8 litters and assigned to one of four treatments: 1) suckled by sow (S, n = 8); 2) suckled by sow plus administration of a fat supplement (SF, n = 5); 3) bottle-fed solely milk replacer (B, n = 8); or 4) bottle-fed solely milk replacer plus administration of a fat supplement (BF, n = 7). At 48 h postnatal, vaginal swabs of gilts were taken with a cytology brush, and lipids were extracted for analysis using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling. Lipids extracted from serum collected at 48 h from gilts, milk collected at 24 h from sows, and milk replacer were also analyzed with MRM-profiling. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found 18 lipids recovered from vaginal swabs that highly distinguished between S and B gilts [area-under-the-curve (AUC) > 0.9], including phosphatidylethanolamine with 34 carbons and four unsaturations in the fatty acyl residues [PE (34:4)]. Twelve lipids from vaginal swabs highly correlated (r > 0.6; p < 0.01) with nutrition source. Lipids with greater abundance in milk replacer drove association. For example, mean intensity of PE (34:4) was 149-fold higher in milk replacer than colostrum. Consequently, PE (34:4) was found to have 1.6- and 2.12-fold higher levels in serum and vaginal swab samples (p < 0.001), respectively, of B gilts as compared to S gilts. Findings support that vaginal swabs can be used to noninvasively study effects of perinatal nutrition on tissue composition.
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2013-12-12 | E-GEOD-49765 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In order to gain insight into hepatic metabolic pathways and key transcripts affecting traits related to body composition we aimed to compare samples of pigs of two breeds, the âobeseâ German Landrace (DL) and the âleanâ Pietrain (Pi) obtained at prenatal stages (35, 63, and 91 days post conceptionem) and at adult age (180 days). In terms of number of genes regulated the most striking differences between DL and Pi were found at adult age with upregulation of key genes of lipid biosynthesis/metabolism pathways (FASN, ACSS2, ACACA) in obese DL pigs on the one hand and upregulation of genes of cell growth and/or maintenance, protein syntheses as well as cell proliferation pathways (PPARD, POU1F1, IGF2R) in lean Pi pigs on the other hand. Time course analysis of expression profiles of breed differences from foetal to adult stage and functional cluster analysis of the biological processes confirmed the trend of differences between genetically different obese and lean breeds. The highlighted classes of genes showed common breed-typical expression throughout prenatal development and at adult age. The transcriptional differences between obese and lean pigs involving lipid pathways and cell activity are already initiated during early prenatal development. The information about genetic differences between obese and lean pigs reveals a number of functional candidate genes for traits related to obesity and leaness. Porcine liver from three prenatal stages (35, 63, and 91 day post conceptionem, dpc) plus adult age (180 days) of 10 animals of each of the breeds DL and Pi, which differ in body composition, were collected. The hepatic gene expression patterns of DL and Pi breeds were compared at each of the four stages of development. Three or four biological replicate microarray hybridisations were performed for each stage with DL pools labelled with Cy5 and Pi pools labelled with Cy3.
2010-06-30 | E-GEOD-5399 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In order to gain insight into hepatic metabolic pathways and key transcripts affecting traits related to body composition we aimed to compare samples of pigs of two breeds, the “obese” German Landrace (DL) and the “lean” Pietrain (Pi) obtained at prenatal stages (35, 63, and 91 days post conceptionem) and at adult age (180 days). In terms of number of genes regulated the most striking differences between DL and Pi were found at adult age with upregulation of key genes of lipid biosynthesis/metabolism pathways (FASN, ACSS2, ACACA) in obese DL pigs on the one hand and upregulation of genes of cell growth and/or maintenance, protein syntheses as well as cell proliferation pathways (PPARD, POU1F1, IGF2R) in lean Pi pigs on the other hand. Time course analysis of expression profiles of breed differences from foetal to adult stage and functional cluster analysis of the biological processes confirmed the trend of differences between genetically different obese and lean breeds. The highlighted classes of genes showed common breed-typical expression throughout prenatal development and at adult age. The transcriptional differences between obese and lean pigs involving lipid pathways and cell activity are already initiated during early prenatal development. The information about genetic differences between obese and lean pigs reveals a number of functional candidate genes for traits related to obesity and leaness. Keywords: pig, oligo-microarray, prenatal liver expression, adult liver expression, obesity, leaness
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Project description:Mammary gland (MG) de novo lipogenesis contributes significantly to milk fat in animals but little is known in humans. We hypothesized that de novo lipogenesis, as reflected by incorporation of 13C carbons from [U-13C]glucose into fatty acids (FAs) and glycerol in triglycerides (TG), will be greater: a. in milk than plasma TG, b. during a high carbohydrate (H-CHO) diet than high fat (H-FAT) diet and c. during feeding than fasting. Healthy lactating women were studied on two isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets. On one occasion subjects received diets containing H-FAT or H-CHO diet for 1 week. Incorporation of 13C from infused [U-13C]glucose into FAs and glycerol was measured using GC/MS methodology and gene expression using RNA isolated from breast milk fat globule (MFG). Incorporation of 13C2 into milk FAs, increased with increased chain length of the FAs from C2:0 to C12:0 but progressively declined in C14:0 and C16:0 and was not detected in FAs >C16. During feeding, regardless of diets, enrichment of 13C2 in milk FA and 13C3 in milk glycerol were ~3 and ~7 fold higher compared to plasma FA and glycerol, respectively. Following an overnight fast during H-CHO and H-FAT diets study periods, 25% and 6%, respectively, of medium chain FAs (MCFAs, C6-C12) were derived from glucose but increased to 75% and 25% with feeding. The expression of genes involved in FA or glycerol synthesis pathways was unchanged regardless of diet or fast-fed conditions. Conclusions: The human MG is capable of de novo lipogenesis, of primarily MCFAs and glycerol, which is influenced by the macro-nutrient composition of the maternal diet. On day 7 of consumption of each of the two diets milk samples collected from 7 healthy, lean, exclusively breastfeeding women following an overnight fast and feeding conditions [7 x 2 x 2 = 28 samples] were processed for isotope enrichments and RNA isolation from the milk fat globules. The total RNA was utilized for microarray analyses.
2014-05-19 | E-GEOD-51874 | biostudies-arrayexpress