2,3,7,8 -Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Mediated Effects on Hepatic Coenzyme A (CoA) and Acetyl-CoA Levels (part-I)
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mouse Mus Musculus
TISSUE(S): Liver
SUBMITTER: 
Russell Fling
PROVIDER: ST001376 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Fri Apr 03 00:00:00 BST 2020
REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench
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Project description:Experiment to study TCDD-elicited effects on hepatic Coenzyme A (CoA) and Acetyl-CoA levels in liver of male mice treated with sesame oil vehicle or 0.01-30 ug/kg TCDD every 4 days for 28 days.
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Project description:Cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A is a precursor for many biotechnologically relevant compounds produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this yeast, cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis and growth strictly depend on expression of either the Acs1 or Acs2 isoenzyme of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). Since hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate in the ACS reaction constrains maximum yields of acetyl-CoA-derived products, this study explores replacement of ACS by two ATP-independent pathways for acetyl-CoA synthesis. After evaluating expression of different bacterial genes encoding acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (A-ALD) and pyruvate-formate lyase (PFL), acs1M-NM-^T acs2M-NM-^T S. cerevisiae strains were constructed in which A-ALD or PFL successfully replaced ACS. In A-ALD-dependent strains, aerobic growth rates of up to 0.27 h-1 were observed, while anaerobic growth rates of PFL-dependent S. cerevisiae (0.21 h-1) were stoichiometrically coupled to formate production. In glucose-limited chemostat cultures, intracellular metabolite analysis did not reveal major differences between A-ALD-dependent and reference strains. However, biomass yields on glucose of A-ALD- and PFL-dependent strains were lower than those of the reference strain. Transcriptome analysis suggested that reduced biomass yields were caused by acetaldehyde and formate in A-ALD- and PFL-dependent strains, respectively. Transcript profiles also indicated that a previously proposed role of Acs2 in histone acetylation is probably linked to cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels rather than to direct involvement of Acs2 in histone acetylation. While, for the first time, demonstrating that yeast ACS can be fully replaced by alternative reactions, this study demonstrates that further modifications are needed to achieve optimal in vivo efficiencies of the supply of acetyl-CoA as product precursor. To investigate the impact of introduced changes in native pathway of cytosolic acetyl-CoA formation in S. cerevisiae, a DNA microarray-based transcriptome analysis was performed on aerobic or anaerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures.
2013-11-21 | E-GEOD-47983 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent environmental contaminant which induces diverse biological and toxic effects, including the reprograming of intermediate metabolism, mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Targeted LC-MS analysis of hepatic extracts from mice gavaged with TCDD every 4 days for 28 days detected an increase in S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, a conjugate produced following the spontaneous reaction between the sulfhydryl group of cysteine and highly reactive acrylyl-CoA, an intermediate in the cobalamin (Cbl)-independent β–oxidation-like metabolism of propionyl-CoA. In addition to repressing genes in both the canonical Cbl-dependent carboxylase and the alternate Cbl-independent β–oxidation-like pathways at 30 µg/kg TCDD, methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) activity was inhibited at lower doses. Moreover, TCDD decreased serum Cbl levels and hepatic cobalt levels while eliciting negligible effects on gene expression associated with Cbl absorption, transport, trafficking, or the derivatization to 5’-deoxy-adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), the required MUT cofactor. In addition to inducing Acod1 that encodes for aconitate decarboxylase 1, the enzyme responsible for the decarboxylation cis-aconitate to itaconate, TCDD also dose-dependently increased itaconate levels in hepatic extracts. MUT inhibition is consistent with itaconate activation to itaconyl-CoA, a MUT suicide inactivator that adducts AdoCbl, that in turn, inhibits MUT activity and reduces Cbl levels. Collectively, these results suggest the decrease in MUT activity is due to Cbl depletion following TCDD treatment that redirected propionyl-CoA metabolism to the alternate Cbl-independent β–oxidation-like pathway. The resulting hepatic accumulation of acrylyl-CoA likely contributes to TCDD-elicited hepatotoxicity and the multi-hit progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with fibrosis.
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Project description:Acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolite and the acetyl source for protein acetylation, particularly histone acetylation that promotes gene expression. However, the effect of acetyl-CoA levels on histone acetylation status in plants remains unknown. Here, we show that malfunctioned cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1) in Arabidopsis leads to elevated levels of acetyl-CoA and promotes histone hyperacetylation predominantly at lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27). The increase of H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) is dependent on ATP-citrate lyase which cleaves citrate to acetyl-CoA in the cytoplasm, and requires histone acetyltransferase GCN5. A comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome in combination with the genome-wide H3K27ac profiles of acc1 mutants, demonstrate the dynamic changes of H3K27ac, gene transcripts and metabolites occurring in the cell by the increased levels of acetyl-CoA. This study suggests that H3K27ac is an important link between cytosolic acetyl-CoA level and gene expression in response to the dynamic metabolic environments in plants.
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Project description:In order to identify regions of the genome that display quantitative changes in acetyl-CoA, we utilized an established “spike-in” normalization method that allows the quantitative comparison of histone modifications across cell populations using defined quantities of a reference epigenome. We found that some regions of the genome are more sensitive to changes in acetyl-CoA compared to others.
2018-12-20 | GSE109340 | GEO
Project description:Experiment to study TCDD-elicited effects on metabolite levels in liver of male mice treated with sesame oil vehicle or 0.01-30 ug/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)every 4 days for 28 days using untargeted metabolomics.
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Project description:Metabolic production of acetyl-CoA has been linked to histone acetylation and gene regulation, however the mechanisms are largely unknown. We show that the metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a critical and directchum regulator of histone acetylation in neurons and of long-term mammalian memory. We observe increased nuclear ACSS2 in differentiating neurons in vitro. Genome-wide, ACSS2 binding corresponds with increased histone acetylation and gene expression of key neuronal genes. These data indicate that ACSS2 functions as a chromatin-bound co-activator to increase local concentrations of acetyl-CoA and to locally promote histone acetylation for transcription of neuron-specific genes. Remarkably, in vivo attenuation of hippocampal ACSS2 expression in adult mice impairs long-term spatial memory, a cognitive process reliant on histone acetylation. ACSS2 reduction in hippocampus also leads to a defect in upregulation of key neuronal genes involved in memory. These results reveal a unique connection between cellular metabolism and neural plasticity, and establish a link between generation of acetyl-CoA and neuronal chromatin regulation. Genome-wide examination of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, as well as ACSS2 binding, in undifferentiated CAD cells and differentiated CAD neurons; background adjusted by H3 ChIP or Input.
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Project description:Genome wide identification of acetyl-CoA regulated loci
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Project description:Metabolic production of acetyl-CoA has been linked to histone acetylation and gene regulation, however the mechanisms are largely unknown. We show that the metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a critical and direct regulator of histone acetylation in neurons and of long-term mammalian memory. We observe increased nuclear ACSS2 in differentiating neurons in vitro. Genome-wide, ACSS2 binding corresponds with increased histone acetylation and gene expression of key neuronal genes. These data indicate that ACSS2 functions as a chromatin-bound co-activator to increase local concentrations of acetyl-CoA and to locally promote histone acetylation for transcription of neuron-specific genes. Remarkably, in vivo attenuation of hippocampal ACSS2 expression in adult mice impairs long-term spatial memory, a cognitive process reliant on histone acetylation. ACSS2 reduction in hippocampus also leads to a defect in upregulation of key neuronal genes involved in memory. These results reveal a unique connection between cellular metabolism and neural plasticity, and establish a link between generation of acetyl-CoA and neuronal chromatin regulation. Global survey of gene expression in CAD cells and differentiated CAD neurons following lentiviral knockdown of ACSS2 or ATP citrate lyase (ACL) (and control = scramble hairpin); survey of hippocampal gene expression changes associated with retrieval of fear memory, after ACSS2-AAV knockdown or in EGFP-AAV control (comparison of 0h vs. 1h post-memory retrieval).
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