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Diel investments in phytoplankton metabolite production influenced by associated heterotrophic bacteria

ABSTRACT: Organic substrate transfer between photoautotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the surface ocean is a central but poorly understood process in the global carbon cycle. This study developed a co-culture system of marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and heterotrophic bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi, and addressed diel changes in phytoplankton endometabolite production using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and bacterial metabolite consumption using gene expression. Here we deposit data for NMR analysis from the study. Samples were collected every 6 hours over two days under a diel light cycle. During the course of the study, we observed an increase in some phytoplankton endometabolites presumably due to the effects of the associated bacteria. We introduced an additional experiment and tested this possibility by comparing phytoplankton endometabolite accumulation between axenic treatments and bacteria coculture treatments.

ORGANISM(S): Thalassiosira Pseudonana Ccmp1335 Thalassiosira Pseudonana

TISSUE(S): Algae

SUBMITTER: Mario Uchimiya

PROVIDER: ST001512 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Sun Oct 18 00:00:00 BST 2020

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Marine phytoplankton are a diverse group of photoautotrophic organisms and key mediators in the global carbon cycle. Phytoplankton physiology and biomass accumulation are closely tied to mixed layer depth, but the intracellular metabolic pathways activated in response to changing mixed layer depths remain unexplored. Here, metatranscriptomics was used to characterize the phytoplankton community response to a mixed layer shallowing from 233 meters to 5 meters over the course of two days during the late spring in the Northwest Atlantic. Most phytoplankton genera downregulated core photosynthesis, carbon storage, and carbon fixation genes as the system transitioned from a deep to a shallow mixed layer and shifted towards catabolism of stored carbon ic pathways supportive of rapid cell growth. In contrast, phytoplankton genera exhibited divergent transcriptional strategies for photosystem light harvesting complex genes during this transition. Active infection, taken as the ratio of virus to host transcripts, increased in the Bacillariophyta (diatom) phylum and decreased in the Chlorophyta (green algae) phylum upon mixed layer shallowing. A conceptual model is proposed to provide ecophysiological context for our findings, in which light limitation during deep mixing induces populations into a transcriptional state which maximizes interrupts the oscillating levels of transcripts related to photosynthesis, carbon storage, and carbon fixation found in shallow mixed layers with relatively higher growth rates. We propose that upon sensing high light levels during mixed layer shallowing, phytoplankton resume diel oscillation of core sets of genes enabling photoprotection, biosynthesis and cell replication. Our findings highlight the shared and unique transcriptional response strategies within phytoplankton communities acclimating to the dynamic light environment associated with transient deep mixing and shallowing events during the annual North Atlantic bloom.

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Diel investments in phytoplankton metabolite production influenced by associated heterotrophic bacteria

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