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Functional metabolic molecules were identified as novel therapeutic targets to facilitate gemcitabine treatment against pancreatic cancer (Cells metabolomics with ATP)

ABSTRACT: With the development of frontier technologies in system biology, traditional omics-drove phenotypic studies are insufficient to decipher the diseases. Therefore, for a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diseases to investigate novel drug targets, traditional phenotypic studies must be broken through to the functional exploration of molecules. Meanwhile, the intuitive role of small molecule compounds (metabolites) in pathogenesis, precision diagnosis and therapy are gradually recognized compared to macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins. Therefore, we pioneeringly proposed Spatial Temporal Operative Real Metabolomics (STORM) strategy that established a relationship between metabolic phenotypes and functions to accurately character abnormal metabolisms and further identify operative functional molecules as novel therapeutic targets. Here, given the difficulty of pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment and the high resistance of clinical drugs, we were committed to explore new targets and drugs of pancreatic cancer from a small molecular functional perspective via STORM strategy. Fortunately, based on targeted metabolomics, we found that gemcitabine, one of the most effective clinical anti-PC drugs, served as a dual modulator that promote the accumulation of functional metabolic molecules in purine metabolism to activate down-streamed kinases. And the quantitative consequences of related enzymes annotated the unique molecular mechanisms of purine metabolism regulations by gemcitabine. Collectively, we broadened the cognitions of gemcitabine in tumor inhibition, providing potential strategies for treating PC with small molecules modification. Even more importantly, with the integration of multiple frontier technologies, the STORM strategy has proven to be well adapted to the phenotypic era of functional molecules devoted to innovate molecule mechanism annotation and therapeutic discovery.

ORGANISM(S): Human Homo Sapiens

TISSUE(S): Tumor Cells

DISEASE(S): Cancer

SUBMITTER: Haitao Lu

PROVIDER: ST002255 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Thu Aug 04 00:00:00 BST 2022

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Cardiovascular disease remains a significant global health concern, yet the cardiotoxic effects of environmental chemicals are largely unexplored. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-Cardiomyocytes) are well-established as valuable high-throughput cardiotoxicity testing model based on the analysis of various beating parameters; however, additional adverse effects that may not be directly related to ion channel activity are difficult to ascertain from traditional assays. Transcriptomic data may provide a more comprehensive assessment for additional molecular responses and serve as a basis for dose-response analysis. We hypothesized that transcriptomic data and functional phenotypic measurements in iPSC-Cardiomyocytes could be used to effectively screen for both hazard and risk associated with chemical exposures. To test this hypothesis, we performed concentration-response analysis of 464 chemicals from 12 diverse chemical classes. Functional effects (beat frequency, QT-prolongation, and asystole) and cytotoxicity were measured. In addition, whole transcriptome RNA-seq was used to investigate global gene expression profiles. Points of departure (PODs) were derived from both phenotypic endpoints and transcriptomic data. Margin of safety (MOS) for drugs and margin of exposure (MOE) for non-drug chemicals were calculated using PODs and the exposure estimates. The phenotypic assays revealed that a varying proportion (10% to 44%) of chemicals in each class had effects on iPSC-Cardiomyocytes; positive chronotrope was the most sensitive phenotype. Overall, 244 (53%) chemicals were active in at least one functional phenotype. As expected, drugs with known adverse effects on the heart were most active. Transcriptomic data showed 69 (15%) had significant effects on the biological pathways, the pathways that were significantly affected by some tested compounds were highly relevant to cardiomyocyte function. Specifically, the enriched pathways aligned well with key characteristics of known cardiovascular toxicants, with mitochondrial dysfunction being the most affected key characteristic. Using exposure and hazard (transcriptomic and phenotypic PODs from this study), we derived MOS and MOE and found that drugs tend to have lower MOS than MOE for the environmental chemicals. Thirteen and 10 drugs had MOS < 1 using phenotypic and transcriptomic data, respectively, suggesting that further investigation may be needed for these substances to test for potential cardiovascular risk. Overall, our findings demonstrate how the integrative use of in vitro transcriptomic data and phenotypic assays in iPSC-Cardiomyocytes not only offers a unique and complementary approach for hazard and risk prioritization, but also offers comprehensive mechanistic support for in vitro test results.

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Functional metabolic molecules were identified as novel therapeutic targets to facilitate gemcitabine treatment against pancreatic cancer (Cells metabolomics with ATP)

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