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Integrated gut microbiome and lipidomic analyses in animal models of Wilson disease reveal a role of intestine ATP7B in copper-related metabolic dysregulation (Part 2)

ABSTRACT: Although the main pathogenic mechanism of Wilson disease (WD) is related to copper accumulation in the liver and brain, there is limited knowledge about the role of ATP7B copper transporter in extra-hepatic organs, including the intestine, and how it could affect metabolic manifestations of the disease. The aims of the present study were to profile and correlate the gut microbiota and lipidome in mouse models of WD, and to study the metabolic effects of intestine-specific ATP7B deficiency in a newly generated mouse model. Animal models of WD presented reduced gut microbiota diversity compared to mice with normal copper metabolism. Comparative prediction analysis of the functional metagenome showed the involvement of several pathways including amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms. Lipidomic profiles showed dysregulated tri- and diglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism. When challenged with a high-fat diet, Atp7bΔIEC mice confirmed profound deregulation of fatty acid desaturation and sphingolipid metabolism pathways as well as altered APOB48 distribution in intestinal epithelial cells. Gut microbiome and lipidomic analyses reveal integrated metabolic changes underlying the systemic manifestations of WD. Intestine-specific ATP7B deficit affects both intestine and systemic response to high-fat challenge. WD is as systemic disease and organ-specific ATP7B variants can explain the varied phenotypic presentations.

ORGANISM(S): Mouse Mus Musculus

TISSUE(S): Liver, Blood

DISEASE(S): Wilson Disease

SUBMITTER: Gaurav Vilas Sarode

PROVIDER: ST002424 | MetabolomicsWorkbench | Thu Dec 22 00:00:00 GMT 2022

REPOSITORIES: MetabolomicsWorkbench

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Project description:Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in ATP7B encoding a copper transporter. Consequent copper accumulation results in a variable WD clinical phenotype involving hepatic, neurologic, and psychiatric symptoms, without clear genotype-phenotype correlations. The goal of this study was to analyze alterations in DNA methylation at the whole-genome level in liver and blood from patients with WD to investigate epigenomic alterations associated with WD diagnosis and phenotype. We used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to examine distinct cohorts of WD subjects to determine whether DNA methylation could differentiate patients from healthy subjects and subjects with other liver diseases and distinguish between different WD phenotypes. WGBS analyses in liver identified 969 hypermethylated and 871 hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) specifically identifying patients with WD, including 18 regions with genome-wide significance. WD-specific liver DMRs were associated with genes enriched for functions in folate and lipid metabolism and acute inflammatory response and could differentiate early from advanced fibrosis in WD patients. Functional annotation revealed that WD-hypermethylated liver DMRs were enriched in liver-specific enhancers, flanking active liver promoters, and binding sites of liver developmental transcription factors, including Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 alpha (HNF4A), Retinoid X Receptor alpha (RXRA), Forkhead Box A1 (FOXA1), and FOXA2. DMRs associated with WD progression were also identified, including 15 with genome-wide significance. However, WD DMRs in liver were not related to large-scale changes in proportions of liver cell types. DMRs detected in blood differentiated WD patients from healthy and disease control subjects, and distinguished between patients with hepatic and neurologic WD manifestations. WD phenotype DMRs corresponded to genes enriched for functions in mental deterioration, abnormal B cell physiology, and as members of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). 44 DMRs associated with WD phenotype tested in a small validation cohort had a predictive value of 0.9. We identified a disease-mechanism relevant epigenomic signature of WD that reveals new insights into potential biomarkers and treatments for this complex monogenic disease.

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Integrated gut microbiome and lipidomic analyses in animal models of Wilson disease reveal a role of intestine ATP7B in copper-related metabolic dysregulation (Part 2)

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