Project description:Gut microbiome research is rapidly moving towards the functional characterization of the microbiota by means of shotgun meta-omics. Here, we selected a cohort of healthy subjects from an indigenous and monitored Sardinian population to analyze their gut microbiota using both shotgun metagenomics and shotgun metaproteomics. We found a considerable divergence between genetic potential and functional activity of the human healthy gut microbiota, in spite of a quite comparable taxonomic structure revealed by the two approaches. Investigation of inter-individual variability of taxonomic features revealed Bacteroides and Akkermansia as remarkably conserved and variable in abundance within the population, respectively. Firmicutes-driven butyrogenesis (mainly due to Faecalibacterium spp.) was shown to be the functional activity with the higher expression rate and the lower inter-individual variability in the study cohort, highlighting the key importance of the biosynthesis of this microbial by-product for the gut homeostasis. The taxon-specific contribution to functional activities and metabolic tasks was also examined, giving insights into the peculiar role of several gut microbiota members in carbohydrate metabolism (including polysaccharide degradation, glycan transport, glycolysis and short-chain fatty acid production). In conclusion, our results provide useful indications regarding the main functions actively exerted by the gut microbiota members of a healthy human cohort, and support metaproteomics as a valuable approach to investigate the functional role of the gut microbiota in health and disease.
Project description:To identify the genes encoding the defense proteins and gain a deeper insight into the Ptt nectary transcriptom, poplar DNA microarrays (Affymetrix) were hybridized with RNA of extrafloral nectaries and nectary-free leaf sections Many plant species grow extrafloral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores. We studied in Populus how insect feeding feeds back on nectary development and activity. Two nectary types evolved with Populus trichocarpa (Ptr) and P. tremula x P. tremuloides (Ptt) were studied from their ecology down to the genes and molecules.
Project description:To identify the genes encoding the defense proteins and gain a deeper insight into the Ptt nectary transcriptom, poplar DNA microarrays (Affymetrix) were hybridized with RNA of extrafloral nectaries and nectary-free leaf sections Many plant species grow extrafloral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores. We studied in Populus how insect feeding feeds back on nectary development and activity. Two nectary types evolved with Populus trichocarpa (Ptr) and P. tremula x P. tremuloides (Ptt) were studied from their ecology down to the genes and molecules. 3 samples of leaves and 3 of nectaries from P. tremula tremuloides field-culture
Project description:The great tit is a widely studied passerine bird species in ecology that, in the past decades, has provided important insights into speciation, phenology, behavior and microevolution. After completion of the great tit genome sequence, a customized high density 650k SNP array was developed enabling more detailed genomic studies in this species.