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The Iceman´s last meal consisted of fat, wild meat and cereals.

ABSTRACT: The history of humankind is marked by the constant adoption of new dietary habits affecting human physiology, metabolism and even the development of nutrition-related disorders. Despite clear archaeological evidence for the shift from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture in Neolithic Europe, very little information exists on the daily dietary habits of our ancestors. By undertaking a complementary -omics approach combined with microscopy, we analysed the stomach content of the Iceman, a 5300-year-old European glacier mummy. He seems to have had a remarkably high proportion of fat in his diet, supplemented with dried wild meat, cereals and with traces of toxic bracken. Our multipronged approach provides unprecedented analytical depth, deciphering the nutritional habit, meal composition, as well as the food processing methods of this Copper Age individual.

PROVIDER: PRJEB26465 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	ERR2539077.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Tino is an A+U-Rich Element (ARE) binding protein first identified through its ability to bind to bcl-2 mRNA and to contribute to its degradation. It has recently been recognized as a shorter form of the human Mex-3D protein (hMex-3D), one of the four members of the family of Mex-3 RNA-binding phosphoproteins. In C. elegans, ceMex-3 is a translational regulator that plays a key role in early embryonic development and in the maintenance of worm germ line totipotency. To examine the potential functional conservation between ceMex-3 and hMex3, we have used complementary microarray-based approaches to identify mRNAs directly bound to Tino/hMex-3D. Computational analysis of these target mRNAs resulted in the identification of an U-rich, 34- to 39-nucleotide long, consensus, forming loops of variable sizes. Remarkably, more than half of Tino/hMex-3D targets also contain the consensus for Quaking, which is the human ortholog of GLD-1, a regulator of nematode gametogenesis. All together, our results suggest that Tino/hMex-3D belongs to a regulatory circuit of mRNA trans-acting factors involved in cell fate and differentiation. Keywords: RIP-chip and (recombinant)RIP-Chip analysis of Tino/hMEX-3D mRNPs To identify the transcripts directly bound in vivo by Tino/hMex-3D, we have used two complementary strategies. First, using Tino-his transfected HEK293 cells, we have analysed the RNAs immunoprecipitated by Tino/hMex-3D (RNA-IP complexes). Second, we have developed an in vitro nitrocellulose RNA-protein binding assay using a truncated form of Tino, TinoΔRING-his. First for the in vivo approach, we have transiently transfected HEK293 cells with a His-tagged Tino expressing construct (see Materials) and isolated Tino target mRNAs by immunoprecipitation (IP) assays carried out under conditions preserving mRNA-protein complex integrity. Second, for the in vitro approach, cRNAs were prepared from a human placenta cDNA library and incubated with TinoΔRING-his. This deleted form of Tino-his protein conserves its mRNA binding activity. mRNAs directly bound to TinoΔRING-his protein were subsequently isolated using a nitrocellulose RNA-protein binding assay. A supplementary file of ordered genes based on z-ratios, derived from experimental and negative control samples for each Affymetrix probe, is appended below.

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The Iceman´s last meal consisted of fat, wild meat and cereals.

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