Gut microbiome of Andean bears
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJEB34522 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Fecal microbiota of wild and captive Andean bears
| PRJEB21054 | ENA
Project description:The Andean bear is an endemic species of the tropical Andes who has an almost exclusively plant-based diet. Since herbivorous mammals do not carry enzymes for fiber degradation, the establishment of symbiosis with cellulolytic microorganisms in their gastrointestinal (GI) tract is necessary to help them fulfill their nutritional needs. Furthermore, as described for other mammals, a stable, diverse, and balanced gut microbial composition is an indicator of a healthy status of the host; under disturbances this balance can be lost, leading to potential diseases of the host. The goal of this study was to describe the gut microbiota of wild and captive Andean bears and determine how habitat status influences the composition and diversity of the gut symbiotic community. Fecal samples from wild (n = 28) and captive (n = 8) Andean bears were collected in "Reserva Pantano de Martos" and "Fundación Bioandina", Colombia. Composition and diversity analyses were performed using amplicons from the V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene sequenced using the Ion PGM platform. PICRUSt algorithm was applied to predict the gene content of the gut microbiome of wild and captive Andean bears. A total of 5,411 and 838 OTUs were identified for wild and captive bears, respectively. Captive bears contained a lower number of bacterial phyla (n = 7) compared to wild individuals (n = 9). Proteobacteria (59.03%) and Firmicutes (14.03%) were the phyla that contributed the most to differences between wild and captive bears (overall dissimilarity = 87.72%). At family level, Enterobacteriaceae drove the main differences between the two groups (13.7%). PICRUSt metagenomics predictions suggested a similar pattern of relative abundance of gene families associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates across samples in wild individuals, despite the taxonomic differences of their gut microbiota. Captivity alters the availability and diversity of food resources, which likely reduces microbiota richness and diversity compared to wild individuals. Further considerations should be taken into account for nutritional schemes improving ex-situ conservation and its potential as a surveillance tool of endangered populations of wild Andean bears.
| S-EPMC5507997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Physical inactivity reduces mechanical load on the skeleton, which leads to losses of bone mass and strength in non hibernating mammalian species. Although bears are largely inactive during hibernation, they show no loss in bone mass and strength. To obtain insight into molecular mechanisms preventing disuse bone loss, we conducted a large-scale screen of transcriptional changes in trabecular bone comparing winter hibernating and summer non hibernating black bears using a custom 12,800 probe cDNA microarray. A total of 241 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01 and fold change > 0.5) in the ilium bone of bears between winter and summer. The Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment analysis showed an elevated proportion in hibernating bears of over-expressed genes in six functional sets of genes involved in anabolic processes of tissue morphogenesis and development including skeletal development, cartilage development and bone biosynthesis. Apoptosis genes demonstrated a tendency for down regulation during hibernation. No coordinated directional changes were detected for genes involved in bone resorption, although some genes responsible for osteoclast formation and differentiation (Ostf1, Rab9a, c- Fos) were significantly under expressed in bone of hibernating bears. Elevated expression of multiple anabolic genes without induction of bone resorption genes, and the down regulation of apoptosis related genes, likely contribute to the adaptive mechanism that preserves bone mass and structure through prolonged periods of immobility during hibernation. Black bears sampled during winter hibernation were compared with the animals sampled during summer. Bone RNA were hybridized on a custom 12,800 cDNA probe nylon membrane microarray platform . Six hibernating and six summer active bears were studied in this experiments.
2012-02-15 | E-GEOD-35796 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Physical inactivity reduces mechanical load on the skeleton, which leads to losses of bone mass and strength in non hibernating mammalian species. Although bears are largely inactive during hibernation, they show no loss in bone mass and strength. To obtain insight into molecular mechanisms preventing disuse bone loss, we conducted a large-scale screen of transcriptional changes in trabecular bone comparing winter hibernating and summer non hibernating black bears using a custom 12,800 probe cDNA microarray. A total of 241 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01 and fold change > 0.5) in the ilium bone of bears between winter and summer. The Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment analysis showed an elevated proportion in hibernating bears of over-expressed genes in six functional sets of genes involved in anabolic processes of tissue morphogenesis and development including skeletal development, cartilage development and bone biosynthesis. Apoptosis genes demonstrated a tendency for down regulation during hibernation. No coordinated directional changes were detected for genes involved in bone resorption, although some genes responsible for osteoclast formation and differentiation (Ostf1, Rab9a, c- Fos) were significantly under expressed in bone of hibernating bears. Elevated expression of multiple anabolic genes without induction of bone resorption genes, and the down regulation of apoptosis related genes, likely contribute to the adaptive mechanism that preserves bone mass and structure through prolonged periods of immobility during hibernation.
2012-02-15 | GSE35796 | GEO
Project description:Environmental Genomics of Late Pleistocene Black Bears and Giant Short-Faced Bears - fossils
| PRJEB44161 | ENA
Project description:Microbiome rhizosphere associated with wild Andean Blueberry, Ecuador
| PRJEB35843 | ENA
Project description:Hibernating American black bears have significantly different clotting parameters than their active summer counterparts, affording them innate protection against venous thromboembolism (VTE) despite prolonged periods of immobility. Physiologic changes that occur during hibernation are thought to result from differential gene expression, rather than novel genes, and there is increasing evidence miRNAs may play an important role this regulation. We propose that significant differences exist in miRNA expression in the plasma of hibernating black bears compared to their active counter parts (summer), which lead to critical gene regulation responsible for auto-anticoagulation during hibernation. Methods: Blood was collected from 21 American black bears in the Northern Michigan Peninsula in summer 2017 and winter 2018 (11 active, 10 hibernating). Plasma was extracted Results: Fifteen miRNAs were differentially expressed in the plasma of hibernating black bears. Nine miRNAs were significantly downregulated (miR10b-3p, miR-136-3p, miR-181c-5p , miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-320b, miR-320c and miR-320d) and six miRNAs were significantly upregulated (miR-15a-5p, miR-15b-3p, miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-150-5p) during hibernation. Twelve miRNAs had no identifiable targets, but miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-5p and miR-200c-3p found to be targets of SERPINC1, the gene responsible for the production of antithrombin (AT). Conclusions: Several miRNAs were differentially expressed in hibernating bears (12). Most importantly miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-5p and miR-200c-3p were all downregulated in hibernation and associated with increased expression of SERPINC1 and production of AT. AT is a powerful anticoagulant and this finding may explain the hibernating black bears ability to achieve auto-anticoagulation and protection from VTE.
2020-09-01 | GSE124398 | GEO
Project description:Gut microbiome analysis reveals the virulome and resistome diversity of Andean Condor
| PRJEB46029 | ENA
Project description:We conducted a large-scale gene expression screen using the 3,200 cDNA probe microarray developed specifically for Ursus americanus to detect expression differences in liver and skeletal muscle that occur during winter hibernation in comparison to animals sampled during summer. The expression of 12 genes, including RNA binding protein motif 3 (Rbm3), that are mostly involved in protein biosynthesis, was induced during hibernation in both liver and muscle. The Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment analysis consistently showed a highly significant enrichment of the protein biosynthesis category by over-expressed genes in both liver and skeletal muscle during hibernation. Coordinated induction in transcriptional level of genes involved in protein biosynthesis is a distinctive feature of the transcriptome in hibernating black bears. This finding implies induction of translation and suggests an adaptive mechanism that contributes to a unique ability to reduce muscle atrophy over prolonged periods of immobility during hibernation. Comparing expression profiles in bears to small mammalian hibernators shows a general trend during hibernation of transcriptional changes that include induction of genes involved in lipid metabolism and carbohydrate synthesis as well as depression of genes involved in the urea cycle and detoxification function in liver. Black bears sampled during winter hibernation were compared with the animals sampled during summer. Two tissue types, liver and muscle, were hybridized on a custom 3,200-gene nylon membrane microarray platform with three replicates for each gene (9.600 spots in total). Six hibernating and five summer active bears were studied in experiments with liver tissue, five hibernating and five summer active animals were tested with muscle tissue.
2009-03-09 | E-GEOD-15099 | biostudies-arrayexpress