Project description:The human gut is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that influence human health and disease through the metabolism of xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs and antibiotics. The diversity and metabolic potential of the human gut microbiome have been extensively characterized, but it remains unclear which microorganisms are active and which perturbations can influence this activity. Here, we use flow cytometry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metatranscriptomics to demonstrate that the human gut contains distinctive subsets of active and damaged microorganisms, primarily composed of Firmicutes, which display marked temporal variation. Short-term exposure to a panel of xenobiotics resulted in significant changes in the physiology and gene expression of this active microbiome. Xenobiotic-responsive genes were found across multiple bacterial phyla, encoding novel candidate proteins for antibiotic resistance, drug metabolism, and stress response. These results demonstrate the power of moving beyond DNA-based measurements of microbial communities to better understand their physiology and metabolism. RNA-Seq analysis of the human gut microbiome during exposure to antibiotics and therapeutic drugs.
Project description:Off-target amplification can lead to false positive human brain microbiome detection. 16s rRNA amplicon samples from brain tissue of healthy and Parkinson's disease patients.
Project description:Difference in gut microbiome is linked with health, disease and eventually host fitness, however, the molecular mechanisms by which this variation affects the host fitness are not well characterized. Here, we modified the fish gut microbiota by using antibiotic and probiotic to address the effect of host microbiome on gene expression pattern by using transcriptome.
Project description:Mammals have a complicated symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome which is postulated to have broad impacts on host health and disease. We used microarray to dectec the gene expressions in colon epithelium.
Project description:Abstract: Many mouse models of neurological disease use the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) system to control transgene expression by oral treatment with the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline. Antibiotic treatment used for transgene control might have undesirable systemic effects, including the potential to affect immune responses in the brain via changes in the gut microbiome. Recent work has shown that an antibiotic cocktail to perturb the gut microbiome can suppress microglial reactivity to brain amyloidosis in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease based on controlled overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Here we assessed the impact of chronic low dose doxycycline on gut microbiome diversity and neuroimmune response to systemic LPS challenge in a tTA-regulated model of Alzheimer's amyloidosis. We show that doxycycline decreased microbiome diversity in both APP transgenic and wild-type mice and that these changes persisted long after drug withdrawal. Despite this change in microbiome composition, dox treatment had minimal effect on transcriptional signatures in the brain, both at baseline and following acute LPS challenge. Our findings suggest that central neuroinflammatory responses may be less affected by dox at doses needed for transgene control than by antibiotic cocktail at doses used for microbiome manipulation.
2024-01-10 | GSE236242 | GEO
Project description:The Salivary Microbiome in Health and Disease
Project description:Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections between the brain and the resident population of bacteria in the gut, the gut microbiome in psychiatric disease models. Acute depletion of gut bacteria results in enhanced reward in a mouse cocaine place preference model, and repletion of bacterially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites reverses this effect. However, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence is unknown. Given that relapse prevention is the most clinically challenging issue in treating substance use disorders, studies examining the effects of microbiome manipulations in relapse-relevant models are critical. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats received either untreated water or antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and subjected to either within-session threshold testing to evaluate motivation for cocaine or 21 days of abstinence followed by a cue-induced cocaine-seeking task to model relapse behavior. Microbiome depletion did not affect cocaine acquisition on an FR1 schedule. However, microbiome-depleted subjects exhibited significantly enhanced motivation for low dose cocaine on a within-session threshold task. Similarly, microbiome depletion increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking following prolonged abstinence. In the absence of a normal microbiome, repletion of bacterially-derived SCFA metabolites reversed the behavioral and transcriptional changes associated with microbiome depletion. These findings suggest that gut bacteria, via their metabolites, are key regulators of drug-seeking behaviors, positioning the microbiome as a potential translational research target.