Project description:Tissue tolerance is a sexually dimorphic trait. Here, we investigated the role of BCL6 in establishing hepatic chromatin landscape promoting sexually dimorphic tissue tolerance during E.Coli infection.
Project description:still unknown bear circulating factors have been reported to induce a 40% decrease of the net proteolytic rate in isolated rat muscles, accompanied by downregulation of expression levels of both lysosomal and ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic factors. Here we investigated the phenotype of cultivated human myocytes treated with hibernating bear serum, by disentangling impacts at the trophic, protein balance, and transcriptome and proteome levels. This study represents the first step towards characterization of the winter bear serum potential as a source of new therapeutic molecules to fight against human muscle atrophy.
Project description:Dimorphic fungi have the ability to change morphology during their lifecycle, a crucial feature for the establishment of infection and fungal growth and development in planta. Life cycle of the dimorphic sugarcane smut fungi, Sporisorium scitamineum, involves recognition and mating of compatible saprophytic yeast-like haploid sporidia (MAT-1 and MAT-2) that upon fusion, develop into infective dikaryotic mycelia. Although the dimorphic transition is intrinsically linked with the pathogenicity and virulence of S. scitamineum, it has never been studied using a proteomics approach. In the present study, an iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analysis of three distinct stages covering the dimorphic transition period - haploid sporidial stage (MAT-1 and MAT-2) to the transition phase (24 hours post co-culturing (hpc)) and dikaryotic mycelial stage (48 hpc) was carried out. Functional categorization showed that the most altered biological processes were energy production, primary metabolism especially carbohydrate, amino acid, fatty acid, followed by translation, post-translation and protein turnover. The identified proteins could be grouped into 8 distinct clusters with different trends in abundance. Enrichment analysis of the clusters showed that biological processes related to energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, citrate cycle, and β-oxidation, transcription, translation and redox homeostasis were specifically altered. In addition, an overall downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism and reprogrammed amino acid metabolism were observed. Several differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), especially in the dikaryotic mycelial stage were predicted as effectors. Taken together, key molecular mechanisms underpinning the dimorphic transition in S. scitamineum at the proteome level were highlighted. A catalogue of stage-specific and dimorphic transition-associated -proteins and potential effectors identified herein are potential candidates for defective mutant screening to elucidate their functional role in the dimorphic transition and pathogenicity in S. scitamineum.
Project description:As sex determines mammalian development, understanding the nature and developmental dynamics of the sexually dimorphic transcriptome is important. To explore this, we generated 72 genome-wide RNA-seq profiles from mouse eight-cell embryos, late gestation and adult livers, together with 4 ground-state pluripotent embryonic (ES) cell lines from which we generated both RNA-seq and multiple ChIP-seq profiles. We complemented this with previously published data to yield 5 snap-shots of pre-implantation development, late-gestation placenta and somatic tissue and multiple adult tissues for integrative analysis. We define a high-confidence sex-dimorphic signature of 56 genes in eight-cell embryos. Sex-chromosome-linked components of this signature are largely conserved throughout pre-implantation development and ES cells, whilst the autosomal component is more dynamic. Sex-biased gene expression is reflected by enrichment for activating and repressive histone modifications. The eight-cell signature is largely non-overlapping with that defined from fetal liver, neither was it correlated with liver or other adult tissues analysed. Fetal and adult liver gene expression signatures are also substantially different, yet a core set of common genes showing modest dimorphic expression was identified. Dramatic sex-specific expression of olfactory receptors was found in fetal liver. Sex-biased expression differences unique to adult liver were enriched for growth hormone-responsiveness. The majority of sex-chromosome based differences identified from eight-cell embryos are also present in placenta but not somatic tissue at the same gestational age. This systematic study identifies three distinct phases of sex dimorphism throughout mouse development, and has significant implications for understanding the developmental origins of sex-specific phenotypes and disease in mammals. ChIP seq of Es Cell