Project description:Salmonella enterica Pullorum(S. Pullorum) is one of the most important pathogens in poultry. A better understanding of the immune response and molecular modulation resulting from infection by S. Pullorum will facilitates the control of this pathogen. In this study, we determined the relationships among identified differential expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways via deeply mining microarray data from Guangxi Huang Chicken challenged with S. Pullorum.
Project description:Purpose: Searching for sRNAs in Salmonella pullorum by RNA sequencing and exploring their functions.Methods: High-throughput sequencing of RNA extracted from Salmonella pullorum under normal growth conditions to detect newly discovered sRNAs, followed by experiments to verify their functions.Results: The proportion of Clean Reads of this sequencing was >65%, and the base Q30s were all above 85%, indicating that the sequencing quality is good and can be used for subsequent analysis. The sRNAscanner software predicted that 148 new sRNAs might exist on the reference genome of Salmonella fowl dysentery, and the reads obtained from sequencing were compared to the genome, and it was found that 110 out of the 148 newly predicted sRNAs could be detected.Conclusions: sRNAs are widely found in bacteria and are involved in many physiological processes. In this study, we detected new sRNAs in Salmonella pullorum by RNA-seq, which lays the foundation for the subsequent investigation of the regulatory functions of sRNAs in bacteria.
Project description:This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental magnolol and honokiol in broilers infected with S. pullorum. A total of 360 one-day-old broilers were selected and randomly divided into four groups with six replicates: the negative control group (CTL), S. pullorum-infected group (SP), and the S. pullorum-infected group supplemented with 300 mg/kg honokiol (SPH) or magnolol (SPM). Chicks in the SP, SPH, and SPM groups were orally treated with a 0.5 ml (4×108 CFU/mL) S. pullorum solution at 5 days of age, while chicks in the control (CTL) group received the same amount of sterilized PBS at the same age.At 14 and 21 days of age, one chick from each replicate was randomly selected to be weighed and slaughtered by jugular exsanguination after a 12-h fasting period. The ileum samples were collected to analyze the differential expression genes.
Project description:Salmonella enterica PullorumM-oM-<M-^HS. PullorumM-oM-<M-^I is one of the most important pathogens in poultry. A better understanding of the immune response and molecular modulation resulting from infection by S. Pullorum will facilitates the control of this pathogen. In this study, we determined the relationships among identified differential expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways via deeply mining microarray data from Guangxi Huang Chicken challenged with S. Pullorum. The chicks were then sacrificed via cervical dislocation immediately after anesthesia with 150 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital. This process was repeated at 2 hours post-infection (hpi), 4 hpi, 8 hpi, 24 hpi, 3 days post-infection (dpi), 5dpi, 7dpi, 12dpi, and 21dpi.The spleens were used to carrying out the microarray experiment. After total RNA extraction and quality control for each splenic sample were performed according to the standard protocol provided by Agilent Technologies, two random mRNA samples collected from the challenged group were equally mixed to hybridize with one chicken whole genome expression chip (Agilent.SingleColor.26441M-oM-<M-^I for each time point. In the challenged group, there were three biological replications (chips) for every time point. However, in the control group at each time point only one chip was used to hybridize with equally mixed mRNA sample containing the three control samples.
Project description:The discovery of white-opaque switching in natural MTLa/alpha isolates of Candida albicans sheds new light on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and host adaptation.
Project description:The discovery of white-opaque switching in natural MTLa/alpha isolates of Candida albicans sheds new light on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity and host adaptation. Comparing gene expression of white and opaque cells of a MTL a/alpha strain
Project description:Host-pathogen co-evolutionary dynamics force microbial plant pathogens to constantly develop and adjust specific adaptations to thrive in their plant host, and therefore also act as strong drivers of divergence and speciation in pathogens. Factors that confer host specialization and determine host specificity are very diverse and range from molecular and morphological strategies to metabolic and reproductive adaptations. Identification of these key factors is a major goal in the study of pathogen evolution and may aid the development of sustainable crops and crop protection strategies. We here took a novel experimental approach and conducted comparative microscopy and transcriptome analyses of the closely related, recently diverged fungal pathogens Zymoseptoria tritici, Z. pseudotritici, and Z. ardabiliae that establish compatible and incompatible interactions with wheat. Although infections of the incompatible species induce plant defense response during invasion of stomatal openings, we found a highly conserved early-infection program among the three species. The transcriptional programs of the three pathogens are conserved to a large extent, as only 9.2% of the 8,885 orthologous genes are significantly differentially expressed during initial infection of wheat. The genes up-regulated in the compatible pathogen reflect adaptation to growth in wheat tissue e.g., by re-programming of fungal metabolism. In contrast, genes primarily involved in counteracting cell stress and damage are strongly induced in the incompatible species. Based on the species-specific gene expression profiles, we further identified nine candidate genes encoding putative effectors and host-specificity determinants in Z. tritici. These effectors are strongly induced in the compatible species and may interfere with host immune suppression. We also identify putative necrotrophic effectors which are induced at the onset of necrotrophic growth. Together, the results presented here indicate that host specialization has involved transcriptional adaptation of a relatively small number of genes. Our findings demonstrate the potential comparative analyses of compatible and incompatible infections present for identifying traits involved in pathogen evolution and host specialization.