GUT MICROBES
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REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We report the application of bulk RNA-sequencing-based technology for high-throughput profiling to examine the individual and combinatorial effects of the liver circadian clock and gut microbes on the liver transcriptome over 24-hours. Principle Component Analysis demonstrated that functionality of the liver circadian clock is the primary driver of the hepatic transcriptome profile, and presence of microbes is the secondary driver. We identified a range of significantly oscillating transcripts within each experimental group using empirical_JTK_CYCLE, and revealed an overall increase in oscillating transcripts with both the loss of cuntional liver clock and gut microbes. Network analysis via Spearman correlation revealed that a broken liver clock results in increased connections and correlated transcripts only in the presence of gut microbes. Finally, we show by differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis that several key metabolic pathways, particularly carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, were significantly downregulated when the liver clock is broken, regardless of microbial status. This study demonstrates the complex contributions of the liver circadian clock and gut microbes in transcriptome programming, both over time and overall.
2022-06-06 | GSE184303 | GEO
Project description:Ruminant gut microbes Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA688363 | ENA
Project description:Gut-brain connections monitor the intestinal tissue and its microbial and dietary content1, regulating both intestinal physiological functions such as nutrient absorption and motility2,3, and brain–wired feeding behaviour2. It is therefore plausible that circuits exist to detect gut microbes and relay this information to central nervous system (CNS) areas that, in turn, regulate gut physiology4. We characterized the influence of the microbiota on enteric–associated neurons (EAN) by combining gnotobiotic mouse models with transcriptomics, circuit–tracing methods, and functional manipulation. We found that the gut microbiome modulates gut–extrinsic sympathetic neurons; while microbiota depletion led to increased cFos expression, colonization of germ-free mice with short-chain fatty acid–producing bacteria suppressed cFos expression in the gut sympathetic ganglia. Chemogenetic manipulations, translational profiling, and anterograde tracing identified a subset of distal intestine-projecting vagal neurons positioned to play an afferent role in microbiota–mediated modulation of gut sympathetic neurons. Retrograde polysynaptic neuronal tracing from the intestinal wall identified brainstem sensory nuclei activated during microbial depletion, as well as efferent sympathetic premotor glutamatergic neurons that regulate gastrointestinal transit. These results reveal microbiota–dependent control of gut extrinsic sympathetic activation through a gut-brain circuit.
2020-03-20 | GSE145986 | GEO
Project description:Scaptochirus moschata Gut microbes Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA613028 | ENA
Project description:Microbes are an integral component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, mechanisms that direct microbial recruitment into tumors and the spatial relationship between intratumoral microbes and host cells remain poorly understood. Here, we show that microbes and immune cells have parallel spatial distribution and that the presence of intratumoral microbes is dependent on T cells. Analysis of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) revealed a spatially heterogeneous distribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that is associated with T cell infiltration. Using mouse models of PDAC, we found that microbes were more abundant and diverse in tumors that were enriched in T cells compared to tumors that lacked T cells, despite no significant differences in the fecal microbiome. Consistent with these findings, we detected elevated levels of microbial genes in T cell-enriched tumor nests in human PDAC. Compared to microbe-poor tumor nests, microbe-enriched tumor nests displayed a higher number of myeloid cells, B cells, and plasma cells. Microbe-enriched tumor nests also showed upregulation of immune-related processes, including responses to bacteria, and receptors that mediate mucosal immune responses to microbes. Administration of antibiotics to tumor-bearing mice altered the phenotype and presence of intratumoral myeloid cells and B cells but did not alter T cell infiltration. In contrast, depletion of T cells reduced the presence of intratumoral microbes. Our results identify a novel coupling between microbes and the intratumoral immune landscape, with T cells shaping microbial presence and subsequent microbial-host interactions.
2023-12-01 | GSE213736 | GEO
Project description:gut microbes of multiple sclerosis Raw sequence reads
| PRJNA480924 | ENA
Project description:This study examines the role of early exposure to gut microbes and poor diet on microglial function in mice. Groups = control (CON), malnourished (MAL), and malnourished + microbial exposure (E/MALBG). CD11b+ cells (microglial enrichment) were isolated from whole mouse brains (Adult Brain Disruption Kit, Miltenyi Biotec). After sample quality control (Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer), qualifying samples were sent for RNA-Seq (Illumina NextSeq 500 with Paired End 42bp × 42bp reads; demultiplexed: Illumina's bcl2fastq2). Following alignment against mouse reference genes (STAR aligner), DEG analyses was conducted using the DESeq2 pipeline.
2021-05-31 | GSE138182 | GEO
Project description:Solid tumors are composed of cancer cells and host immune cells that are distributed in a non-uniform pattern. Growing evidence shows that intratumoral microbes are associated with immune microenvironments in cancer. However, mechanisms that direct the recruitment of microbes to tumors remain poorly understood. Here, we show that intratumoral infiltration of immune cells and microbes are heterogeneous, and the distribution of microbes within tumors are orchestrated by the spatial heterogeneity of intratumoral lymphoid populations. Analysis of human solid tumors revealed that the spatial distribution of immune cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, is markedly heterogeneous. Compared to T cell-poor (“cold”) tumor nests, T cell-rich (“hot”) tumor nests displayed a significantly higher number of myeloid cells, B cells, and plasma cells. We performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by RNA sequencing to identify unique gene signatures that define tumor epithelium and stroma of cold and hot tumor nests. Cold tumor nests expressed genes that promote tumor proliferation and fibrosis, whereas hot tumor stroma and epithelium showed upregulation of immune-related processes, including responses to bacteria, and receptors that mediate mucosal immune responses to microbes, respectively. Consistent with these findings, we detected elevated levels of microbes within hot tumor nests in human pancreatic and lung cancers as well as in mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Intratumoral T cell infiltration plays a causal role in spatial distribution of bacteria in tumor. Our data implicate intratumoral immune heterogeneity in defining microbial spatial distribution and highlight a potential role for crosstalks between microbes, cancer cells, and the host immune system in shaping constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME).
2023-12-01 | GSE189925 | GEO
Project description:Microbes Malnutrition Microglia
| PRJNA575001 | ENA