Project description:Nucleosomes package eukaryotic DNA and are composed of four different histone proteins, H3, H4, H2A and H2B. Histone H3 has two main variants, H3.1 and H3.3, which show different genomic localization patterns in animals. We profiled H3.1 and H3.3 variants in the genome of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and show that the localization of these variants shows broad similarity in plants and animals, in addition to some unique features. H3.1 was enriched in silent areas of the genome including regions containing the repressive chromatin modifications H3 lysine 27 methylation, H3 lysine 9 methylation, and DNA methylation. In contrast, H3.3 was enriched in actively transcribed genes, especially peaking at the 3’ end of genes, and correlated with histone modifications associated with gene activation such as histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, and H2B ubiquitylation, as well as by RNA Pol II occupancy. Surprisingly, both H3.1 and H3.3 were enriched on defined origins of replication, as was overall nucleosome density, suggesting a novel characteristic of plant origins. Our results are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that H3.1 acts as the canonical histone that is incorporated during DNA replication, whereas H3.3 acts as the replacement histone that can be incorporated outside of S-phase during chromatin disrupting processes like transcription.
Project description:Nucleosomes package eukaryotic DNA and are composed of four different histone proteins, H3, H4, H2A and H2B. Histone H3 has two main variants, H3.1 and H3.3, which show different genomic localization patterns in animals. We profiled H3.1 and H3.3 variants in the genome of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and show that the localization of these variants shows broad similarity in plants and animals, in addition to some unique features. H3.1 was enriched in silent areas of the genome including regions containing the repressive chromatin modifications H3 lysine 27 methylation, H3 lysine 9 methylation, and DNA methylation. In contrast, H3.3 was enriched in actively transcribed genes, especially peaking at the 3’ end of genes, and correlated with histone modifications associated with gene activation such as histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, and H2B ubiquitylation, as well as by RNA Pol II occupancy. Surprisingly, both H3.1 and H3.3 were enriched on defined origins of replication, as was overall nucleosome density, suggesting a novel characteristic of plant origins. Our results are broadly consistent with the hypothesis that H3.1 acts as the canonical histone that is incorporated during DNA replication, whereas H3.3 acts as the replacement histone that can be incorporated outside of S-phase during chromatin disrupting processes like transcription. ChIP-seq - 4 samples: 2 experiment and 2 controls RNA-seq - 1 sample
Project description:Histone acetylation and methylation regulate gene expression in eukaryotes, but their effects on the transcriptome of a multicellular organism and on the transcriptomic divergence between species are still poorly understood. Here we present the first genome-wide 1-bp resolution maps of histone acetylation, histone methylation and core histone in Arabidopsis thaliana and a comprehensive analysis of these maps and gene expression data in A. thaliana, A. arenosa and allotetraploids. H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) are correlated, and their high densities near transcriptional start sites determine constitutive expression of genes involved in translation. In contrast, broad distributions of these modifications toward coding regions determine expression variation, especially in genes involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and defense responses. A dispersed distribution of H3K27me3 and depletion of H3K9ac and H3K4me3 are associated with developmentally repressed genes. Finally, genes affected by histone deacetylase mutation and species divergence tend to show high expression variation. In conclusion, changes in histone acetylation and methylation modulate developmental and environmental gene expression variation within and between species. ChIP-Seq: Identification of distribution of H3K9ac, H3K4me3 and H3 in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf. Expression: Gene expression in the histone deacetylase 1 mutant was generated using t-DNA insertion. mRNA expressions in leaf and flower of the AtHD1 mutant were compared with those of the wild type plants. We conducted 8 replicates of dual-channel microarrays, including 4 biological replicates and individual dye swaps.
Project description:A Genome-wide Chronological Study of Gene Expression and Two Histone Modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9ac, during Developmental Leaf Senescence [ChIP-seq]