Project description:Transcriptome analysis of Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont derived from uninfected and infected samples at 3 time points (3, 10 and 20 days). Expression profiling by array - Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans morsitans
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont derived from control samples with or without parasite contact at 10 days. Expression profiling by array - Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans morsitans RNAs are a mix of Wigglesworthia, Sodalis and glossina. RNAs were extracted from 8 samples including 2 conditions (with 4 replicates per condition).
Project description:Transcriptome analysis of Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont derived from control samples with or without parasite contact at 10 days. Expression profiling by array - Wigglesworthia glossinidia endosymbiont of Glossina morsitans morsitans
Project description:Background: Tsetse flies serve as biological vectors for several species of African trypanosomes. In order to survive, proliferate and establish a midgut infection, trypanosomes must cross the tsetse fly peritrophic matrix (PM), an acellular gut lining surrounding the blood meal. Crossing of this multi layered structure occurs at least twice during parasite migration and development, but the mechanism of how they do so is poorly understood. In order to better comprehend the molecular events surrounding trypanosome crossing of the tsetse PM, a mass spectrometry-based approach was applied to investigate the PM protein composition using Glossina morsitans morsitans as a model organism. Methods: Urea-SDS extracts of tsetse PM proteins were either subject to an in solution tryptic digestion or fractionated on 1D SDS-PAGE and the resulting bands digested with trypsin. The tryptic fragments from both preparations were purified and analysed by 2D-LC-MS/MS. Tandem MS data were searched against the Glossina-morsitans-Yale_PEPTIDES_GmorY1.1 database downloaded from VectorBase (https://www.vectorbase.org/proteomes) using the Mascot (version 2.3.02, Matrix Science) search engine. Search parameters were a precursor mass tolerance of 10 ppm for the in-solution digest using the LTQ-Orbitrap Velos and 0.6 Da for the lower resolution LTQ instrument. Fragment mass tolerance was 0.6 Da for both instruments. One missed cleavage was permitted, carbamidomethylation was set as a fixed modification and oxidation (M) was included as a variable modification. For in-solution data, the false discovery rate was <1%, and individual ion scores >30 were considered to indicate identity or extensive homology (p <0.05 ). Results: Overall, over 200 proteins were identified, several of those containing Chitin Binding Domains (CBD), a signature of insect PM proteins, including novel peritrophins and peritrophin-like glycoproteins, which are essential in maintaining PM architecture and may act as trypanosome adhesins. Furthermore, a minimum of 27 proteins were also identified from the tsetse secondary endosymbiont, Sodalis glossinidius, suggesting this bacterium is probably in close association with the tsetse PM. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first report on the protein composition of G. m. morsitans, an important vector of African trypanosomes. Further functional analyses of these proteins will lead to a better understanding of the tsetse physiology as well as to identification of potential targets to block trypanosome development within the tsetse.
Project description:The majority of bacterial genomes have high coding efficiencies, but there are an few genomes of the intracellular bacteria that have low gene density. The genome of the endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius contains almost 50% pseudogenes containing mutations that putatively silence them at the genomic level. We have applied multiple omic strategies: combining single molecule DNA-sequencing and annotation; stranded RNA-sequencing and proteome analysis to better understand the transcriptional and translational landscape of Sodalis pseudogenes, and potential mechanisms for their control. Between 53% and 74% of the Sodalis transcriptome remains active in cell-free culture. Mean sense transcription from Coding Domain Sequences (CDS) is four-times greater than that from pseudogenes. Core-genome analysis of six Illumina sequenced Sodalis isolates from different host Glossina species shows pseudogenes make up ~40% of the 2,729 genes in the core genome, suggesting are stable and/or Sodalis is a recent introduction across the Glossina genus as a facultative symbiont. These data further shed light on the importance of transcriptional and translational control in deciphering host-microbe interactions, and demonstrate that pseudogenes are more complex than a simple degrading DNA sequence. For this reason, we show that combining genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics represents an important resource for studying prokaryotic genomes with a view to elucidating evolutionary adaptation to novel environmental niches.