Project description:To understand the mechanisms through which JunB regulates Tregs-mediated immune regulation, we examined the global gene expression profiles in the JunB WT and KO Tregs by performing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis.
Project description:The iNSC cells are two clones generated from the same MEF line. Therefore, we conducted one analysis that compared the two clonal lines and a separate analysis that compared iNSC vs. NSC, iNSC vs. MEF, and NSC vs. MEF. Both were single factor ANOVAs, the first compared two groups (the iNSC lines) and the second had three groups. For the second analysis, we then used linear contrasts to extract the information about differences between all pairs (e.g. iNSC vs. NSC). Looking at the iNSC lines, the correlations between samples from different clonal lines are as high as the correlations between samples from within a clonal line. Given this, we think that the analysis that combines all 6 of them to compare against the other cell types is appropriate. Array Platform: Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Samples: A total of 12 arrays array# filename genotype 1 01.iNSC1.1.CEL iNSC 2 02.iNSC1.2.CEL iNSC 3 03.iNSC1.3.CEL iNSC 4 04.iNSC2.1.CEL iNSC 5 05.iNSC2.2.CEL iNSC 6 06.iNSC2.3.CEL iNSC 7 07.WT.NSC.1.CEL NSC 8 08.WT.NSC.2.CEL NSC 9 09.WT.NSC.3.CEL NSC 10 10.WT.MEFs.1.CEL MEF 11 11.WT.MEFs.3.CEL MEF 12 12.WT.MEFs.5.CEL MEF
Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.
Project description:PURPOSE: To provide a detailed gene expression profile of the normal postnatal mouse cornea. METHODS: Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was performed on postnatal day (PN)9 and adult mouse (6 week) total corneas. The expression of selected genes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A total of 64,272 PN9 and 62,206 adult tags were sequenced. Mouse corneal transcriptomes are composed of at least 19,544 and 18,509 unique mRNAs, respectively. One third of the unique tags were expressed at both stages, whereas a third was identified exclusively in PN9 or adult corneas. Three hundred thirty-four PN9 and 339 adult tags were enriched more than fivefold over other published nonocular libraries. Abundant transcripts were associated with metabolic functions, redox activities, and barrier integrity. Three members of the Ly-6/uPAR family whose functions are unknown in the cornea constitute more than 1% of the total mRNA. Aquaporin 5, epithelial membrane protein and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) omega-1, and GST alpha-4 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in distinct corneal epithelial layers, providing new markers for stratification. More than 200 tags were differentially expressed, of which 25 mediate transcription. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to providing a detailed profile of expressed genes in the PN9 and mature mouse cornea, the present SAGE data demonstrate dynamic changes in gene expression after eye opening and provide new probes for exploring corneal epithelial cell stratification, development, and function and for exploring the intricate relationship between programmed and environmentally induced gene expression in the cornea. Keywords: other
Project description:Nucleolus-associated DNA was isolated from MEF cells before and after conditional knock-out of UBF and hybridized against genomic DNA in biological replicates. Two different types of immortalized MEF cells were used. MEFs were immortalized by genetic depletion of p53, iMEFs were immortalized by transfection of the SV40 Tt antigen.
Project description:The iNSC cells are two clones generated from the same MEF line. Therefore, we conducted one analysis that compared the two clonal lines and a separate analysis that compared iNSC vs. NSC, iNSC vs. MEF, and NSC vs. MEF. Both were single factor ANOVAs, the first compared two groups (the iNSC lines) and the second had three groups. For the second analysis, we then used linear contrasts to extract the information about differences between all pairs (e.g. iNSC vs. NSC). Looking at the iNSC lines, the correlations between samples from different clonal lines are as high as the correlations between samples from within a clonal line. Given this, we think that the analysis that combines all 6 of them to compare against the other cell types is appropriate.
Project description:BACKGROUND: Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons make up a large fraction of the typical mammalian genome. They comprise about 8% of the human genome and approximately 10% of the mouse genome. On account of their abundance, LTR retrotransposons are believed to hold major significance for genome structure and function. Recent advances in genome sequencing of a variety of model organisms has provided an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate better the diversity of LTR retrotransposons resident in eukaryotic genomes. RESULTS: Using a new data-mining program, LTR_STRUC, in conjunction with conventional techniques, we have mined the GenBank mouse (Mus musculus) database and the more complete Ensembl mouse dataset for LTR retrotransposons. We report here that the M. musculus genome contains at least 21 separate families of LTR retrotransposons; 13 of these families are described here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: All families of mouse LTR retrotransposons are members of the gypsy-like superfamily of retroviral-like elements. Several different families of unrelated non-autonomous elements were identified, suggesting that the evolution of non-autonomy may be a common event. High sequence similarity between several LTR retrotransposons identified in this study and those found in distantly-related species suggests that horizontal transfer has been a significant factor in the evolution of mouse LTR retrotransposons.