Project description:Species from the genus Colletotrichum are the causal agents of anthracnose which contribute to significant losses to the production of commercially grown crops. The genomes of Colletotrichum orbiculare, which infects cucurbits and Nicotiana benthamiana, as well as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which infects a wide range of fruits and vegetables, were sequenced. A custom microarray was designed for Colletotrichum orbiculare and used to assess gene expression during infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Gene expression of Colletotrichum orbiculare growing on its host Nicotiana benthamiana was assessed at 24 hours post inoculation, 3 days post inoculation and 7 days post inoculation. Mycelia growing in vitro and ungerminated conidia were used as controls. Three replicates were performed for each time point.
Project description:Colletotrichum orbiculare Whi2, yeast stress response Whi2 homolog, is involved in switch from biotrophic to necrotrophic stage. To elucidate downstream genes regulated by Co Whi2, we have conducted DNA microarray. About 3100 genes were up or down regulated in the Co whi2Î mutant compared with the wild-type. In particularly, 44 genes among up-regulated 58 genes in the Co whi2Î mutant are ribosomal protein related gene. Eukaryote is widely conserved TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) which is known to regulator of ribosomal gene expression. To elucidate whether up-regulated ribosomal genes in the Co whi2Î mutant are regulated by TOR activity, we have conducted DNA microarray in the Co whi2Î mutant treated with rapamycin inhibiting TOR activity. The enormous ribosomal gene expression in the Co whi2Î mutant treated with the rapamycin is lower than that without rapamycin treatment. In gene expression of the Co whi2Î mutant, the wild-type and the Co whi2Î mutant infecting on cucumber cotyledons were assessed at 4 hours post-inoculation. In gene expression of the Co whi2Î mutant with rapamycin treatment, Co whi2Î mutant treated with 100nM rapamycin and Co whi2Î mutant without rapamycin treatment infecting on cucumber cotyledons were assesed at 4 hours post-inoculation. Four replication were performed for each experiments.
Project description:The hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of anthracnose disease on maize stalks and leaves. After the formation of appressoria the host cell wall is penetrated by the conversion of appressorial turgor pressure into forceful ejection of a penetration peg. Subsequently, C. graminicola establishes biotrophic hyphae in the penetrated epidermis cell at around 36 hours post inoculation (hpi) until a switch of hyphal morphology and lifestyle takes place during the colonization of neighboring host cells at around 72 hpi. During the ensuing necrotrophic growth, dark necrotic lesions are formed that are visible as anthracnose symptoms. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression during the infection process of Colletotrichum graminicola in its host plant to get insight into the defense response of this compatible interaction and into the metabolic reprogramming needed to supply the fungus with nutrients.
Project description:The hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola is the causal agent of anthracnose disease on maize stalks and leaves. After the formation of appressoria the host cell wall is penetrated by the conversion of appressorial turgor pressure into forceful ejection of a penetration peg. Subsequently, C. graminicola establishes biotrophic hyphae in the penetrated epidermis cell at around 36 hours post inoculation (hpi) until a switch of hyphal morphology and lifestyle takes place during the colonization of neighboring host cells at around 72 hpi. During the ensuing necrotrophic growth, dark necrotic lesions are formed that are visible as anthracnose symptoms. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression during the infection process of Colletotrichum graminicola in its host plant to get insight into the defense response of this compatible interaction and into the metabolic reprogramming needed to supply the fungus with nutrients. In three independent experiments, maize plants were infected with conidia of the Colletotrichum graminicola strain CgM2 by spray inoculation of leaves. Samples from infected leaves were taken at 36 and 96 hours post infection, corresponding to initial biotrophic and necrotrophic phase, respectively. Samples from uninfected control plants were taken at the same time points.
Project description:Time course of C. orbiculare infection of the host plant, N. benthamiana, and comparison to in vitro grown tissue (conidia and in vitro grown hyphae) to identify genes that contribute to the infection process by transcript expression profile.
Project description:To elucidate the involvement of MOR (morphogenesis-related NDR kinase network) pathway in regulation of genes that are specifically expressed during appressorium development in planta, transcriptome analyses at the stage of appressorium formation (4 hours post inoculation) and in planta were performed and revealed that MOR is responsible for the expression of a subset of the plant signal induced genes with potential roles in pathogenicity.
Project description:Walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc. is a major disease affecting walnut production in China. Although the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important for plant disease resistance , the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to C. gloeosporioides in walnut remain poorly understood.The anthracnose-resistant F26 fruits from the B26 clone and the anthracnose susceptible F423 fruits from the 4-23 clone of walnut were used as the test materials. Specifically, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of F26 fruit bracts and F423 to identify differentially expressed LncRNAs (DELs) at five time-points (tissues at 0 hpi, pathological tissues at 24 hpi, 48 hpi, 72 hpi, and distal uninoculated tissues at 120 hpi). Compared with F423, a total of 14525 DELs were identified, including 10645 upregulated lncRNAs and 3846 downregulated lncRNAs in F26. The number of upregulated lncRNAs in F26 compared to in F423 was significantly higher at the early stages of C. gloeosporioides infection. A total of 5 modules related to disease resistance were screened by WGCNA and the target genes of lncRNAs were obtained. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the target genes of upregulated lncRNAs were enriched in immune-related processes during the infection of C. gloeosporioides , such as activation of innate immune response, defense response to bacterium, incompatible interaction and immune system process, and enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and other pathways. And 124 known target genes for 96 hub lncRNAs were predicted, including 10 known resistance genes. The expression of 5 lncRNAs and 5 target genes was confirmed by qPCR, which was consistent with the RNA-seq data.The results of this study provide the basis for future functional characterizations of lncRNAs regarding the C. gloeosporioides resistance of walnut fruit bracts.