Project description:Introgressed variants from other species can be an important source of genetic variation because they may arise rapidly, can include multiple mutations on a single haplotype, and have often been pretested by selection in the species of origin. Although introgressed alleles are generally deleterious, several studies have reported introgression as the source of adaptive alleles-including the rodenticide-resistant variant of Vkorc1 that introgressed from Mus spretus into European populations of Mus musculus domesticus. Here, we conducted bidirectional genome scans to characterize introgressed regions into one wild population of M. spretus from Spain and three wild populations of M. m. domesticus from France, Germany, and Iran. Despite the fact that these species show considerable intrinsic postzygotic reproductive isolation, introgression was observed in all individuals, including in the M. musculus reference genome (GRCm38). Mus spretus individuals had a greater proportion of introgression compared with M. m. domesticus, and within M. m. domesticus, the proportion of introgression decreased with geographic distance from the area of sympatry. Introgression was observed on all autosomes for both species, but not on the X-chromosome in M. m. domesticus, consistent with known X-linked hybrid sterility and inviability genes that have been mapped to the M. spretus X-chromosome. Tract lengths were generally short with a few outliers of up to 2.7 Mb. Interestingly, the longest introgressed tracts were in olfactory receptor regions, and introgressed tracts were significantly enriched for olfactory receptor genes in both species, suggesting that introgression may be a source of functional novelty even between species with high barriers to gene flow.
Project description:We use comprehensive and unsupervised transcriptome analyses to provide molecular classifications of sensory neurons in the mouse geniculate ganglion. 96 neurons were isolated on a C1 Fluodigm chip, underwent RNA-Seq, and iteratively clustered into sub-classes.
Project description:To advance understanding of mechanisms leading to biological and transcriptional endpoints related to estrogen action in the mouse uterus, we have mapped ERM-NM-1 and RNA polymerase II binding sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by sequencing of enriched chromatin fragments (ChIP-seq). In the absence of hormone, 5184 ERM-NM-1 binding sites were apparent in the vehicle treated ovariectomized uterine chromatin, while 17240 were seen one hour after estrogen (E2) treatment, indicating that some sites are occupied by unliganded ERM-NM-1, and that ERM-NM-1 binding is increased by E2. Approximately 15% of the uterine ERM-NM-1 binding sites were adjacent to (<10 KB) annotated transcription start sites and many sites are found within genes or are found more than 100 KB distal from mapped genes; however, the density (sites per bp) of ERM-NM-1 binding sites is significantly greater adjacent to promoters. An increase in quantity of sites but no significant positional differences were seen between vehicle and E2 treated samples in the overall locations of ERM-NM-1 binding sites either distal from, adjacent to or within genes. Analysis of the PolII data revealed the presence of poised promoter proximal PolII on some highly upregulated genes. Additionally, co-recruitment of PolII and ERM-NM-1 to some distal enhancer regions was observed. A de novo motif analysis of sequences in the ERM-NM-1 bound chromatin confirmed that estrogen response elements (EREs) were significantly enriched. Interestingly, in areas of ERM-NM-1 binding without predicted ERE motifs, homeodomain transcription factor (Hox) binding motifs were significantly enriched. The integration of the ERM-NM-1 and PolII binding sites from our uterine ChIP-seq data with transcriptional responses revealed in our uterine microarrays has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of mechanisms governing estrogen response in uterine and other estrogen target tissues. one sample each, vehicle ER-alpha ChIP seq,1 hour estradiol ER-alpha ChIP seq, vehicle RNA polymerase II ChIP seq,1 hour estradiol RNA polymerase II ChIP seq, input DNA
Project description:PURPOSE: To provide a detailed gene expression profile of the normal postnatal mouse cornea. METHODS: Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was performed on postnatal day (PN)9 and adult mouse (6 week) total corneas. The expression of selected genes was analyzed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A total of 64,272 PN9 and 62,206 adult tags were sequenced. Mouse corneal transcriptomes are composed of at least 19,544 and 18,509 unique mRNAs, respectively. One third of the unique tags were expressed at both stages, whereas a third was identified exclusively in PN9 or adult corneas. Three hundred thirty-four PN9 and 339 adult tags were enriched more than fivefold over other published nonocular libraries. Abundant transcripts were associated with metabolic functions, redox activities, and barrier integrity. Three members of the Ly-6/uPAR family whose functions are unknown in the cornea constitute more than 1% of the total mRNA. Aquaporin 5, epithelial membrane protein and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) omega-1, and GST alpha-4 mRNAs were preferentially expressed in distinct corneal epithelial layers, providing new markers for stratification. More than 200 tags were differentially expressed, of which 25 mediate transcription. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to providing a detailed profile of expressed genes in the PN9 and mature mouse cornea, the present SAGE data demonstrate dynamic changes in gene expression after eye opening and provide new probes for exploring corneal epithelial cell stratification, development, and function and for exploring the intricate relationship between programmed and environmentally induced gene expression in the cornea. Keywords: other