Project description:The axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) is a caudate amphibian, which has an extraordinary ability to restore a wide variety of damaged structures by a process denominated epimorphosis. While the origin and potentiality of progenitor cells that take part during epimorphic regeneration are known to some extent, the metabolic changes experienced and their associated implications, remain unexplored. However, a circuit with a potential role as a modulator of cellular metabolism along regeneration is that formed by Lin28/let-7. In this study, we report two Lin28 paralogs and eight mature let-7 microRNAs encoded in the axolotl genome. Particularly, in the proliferative blastema stage amxLin28B is more abundant in the nuclei of blastemal cells, while the microRNAs amx-let-7c and amx-let-7a are most downregulated. Functional inhibition of Lin28 factors increase the levels of most mature let-7 microRNAs, consistent with an increment of intermediary metabolites of the Krebs cycle, and phenotypic alterations in the outgrowth of the blastema. In summary, we describe the primary components of the Lin28/let-7 circuit and their function during axolotl regeneration, acting upstream of metabolic reprogramming events.
Project description:Study abstract: Axolotl salamanders (Ambystoma mexicanum) remain aquatic in their natural state, during which biomechanical forces on their diarthrodial limb joints are likely reduced relative to salamanders living on land. However, even as sexually mature adults, these amphibians can be induced to metamorphose into a weight-bearing terrestrial stage by environmental stress or the exogenous administration of thyroxine hormone. In some respects, this aquatic to terrestrial transition of axolotl salamanders through metamorphosis may model developmental and changing biomechanical skeletal forces in mammals during the prenatal to postnatal transition at birth and in the early postnatal period. To assess differences in the appendicular skeleton as a function of metamorphosis, anatomical and gene expression parameters were compared in skeletal tissues between aquatic and terrestrial axolotls that were the same age and genetically full siblings. The length of long bones and area of cuboidal bones in the appendicular skeleton, as well as the cellularity of cartilaginous and interzone tissues of femorotibial joints were generally higher in aquatic axolotls compared to their metamorphosed terrestrial siblings. A comparison of steady state mRNA transcripts encoding aggrecan core protein (ACAN), type II collagen (COL2A1), and growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) in femorotibial cartilaginous and interzone tissues did not reveal any significant differences between aquatic and terrestrial axolotls. RNAseq samples: Total RNA was isolated from whole body tissue samples of Mexican axolotl salamanders (Ambystoma mexicanum) at the following developmental stages: Embryo at the tail bud stage, newly hatched larva, larva at the limb bud stage, juvenile at 8.5 centimeters, and adult using variations of guanidinium-based protocols. RNA quantity, purity, and integrity of both the individual samples and the resulting pool were determined with an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer using the Eukaryotic Total RNA nano series II analysis kit. The pooled RNA sample was poly-A selected and used for Illumina random priming directional library prep. Four lanes were sequenced only on one end providing single end reads and 4 lanes were sequenced at both ends giving paired-end reads. The library was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 for 75bp reads producing 147,248,512 single end reads and 2 x 153,254,667 paired-end reads.
Project description:The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is one member of a select group of vertebrate animals that has retained the amazing ability to regenerate multiple body parts. In addition to being an important model system for regeneration, the axolotl is also a leading model system for developmental biologists. Many genes used in development have been identified to be reused again during regeneration, however how this molecular circuitry is controlled during regeneration is unknown. In recent years microRNAs have been identified as key regulators of gene expression during development, in many diseases and also in regeneration. Here we have used deep sequencing combined with qRT-PCR to identify microRNAs that are involved in regulating regeneration in axolotl. This approach has enabled us to identify well known families of microRNAs and in addition to identify putative novel microRNAs that differentially regulated in the regenerating tissue. These findings suggest that microRNAs may play key roles in managing the spatial and temporal expression of genes important for ensuring that the correct tissues are regenerated. small RNA Sequencing (2 samples) in Ambystoma Mexicanum