Cowpox virus
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA369073 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses which can cause disease in numerous host species. Even though the eradication of variola virus - the causative agent of human smallpox M-bM-^@M-^S succeeded, with the end of vaccinations several other orthopoxviruses emerged as potential threat to human health. For instance, animal-borne monkeypox virus, cowpox virus and closely related vaccinia virus are all capable of establishing zoonotic infections in humans. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of expression and severity, but we still know little about the reasons for these different phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the specific modulation of the host cells gene expression profile by orthopoxvirus infection. In our study we analyzed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells after infection with cowpox virus, monkeypox virus or vaccinia virus and compared these to each other and to the gene expression profile of non-infected cells using Agilent Whole Genome Microarray technology. We could identify major differences in viral modulation of host cell immune response genes, especially an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and Toll-like receptor signalling in cowpox and monkeypox virus infected cells. This was not observed following vaccinia virus infection. If these differences contribute to the different clinical manifestation of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species remains to be elucidated. We analyzed the gene expression profile of HeLa cells wich were either mock-infected or infected with Vaccinia virus strain IHD-W, Cowpox virus strain Brighton Red or Monkeypox virus strain MSF#6 at a multiplicity of infection of 5. Experiments were performed in duplicate. At 6 h post infection total RNA was isolated from infected cells and used for microarray analysis.
2012-04-14 | E-GEOD-36854 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Orthopoxviruses are large DNA viruses which can cause disease in numerous host species. Even though the eradication of variola virus - the causative agent of human smallpox – succeeded, with the end of vaccinations several other orthopoxviruses emerged as potential threat to human health. For instance, animal-borne monkeypox virus, cowpox virus and closely related vaccinia virus are all capable of establishing zoonotic infections in humans. The disease caused by each virus differs in terms of expression and severity, but we still know little about the reasons for these different phenotypes. They may be explained by the unique repertoire of host cell modulating factors encoded by each virus. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the specific modulation of the host cells gene expression profile by orthopoxvirus infection. In our study we analyzed changes in host cell gene expression of HeLa cells after infection with cowpox virus, monkeypox virus or vaccinia virus and compared these to each other and to the gene expression profile of non-infected cells using Agilent Whole Genome Microarray technology. We could identify major differences in viral modulation of host cell immune response genes, especially an induction of genes involved in leukocyte migration and Toll-like receptor signalling in cowpox and monkeypox virus infected cells. This was not observed following vaccinia virus infection. If these differences contribute to the different clinical manifestation of cowpox, monkeypox and vaccinia virus infections in certain host species remains to be elucidated.
2012-04-15 | GSE36854 | GEO
Project description:The poxviruses are a family of linear double-stranded DNA viruses about 130 to 230 kbp, that belong to the family Poxviridae. The poxviruses have an animal origin and have evolved to infect a wide host range. Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is a poxvirus that infect only humans, but other poxviruses such monkey pox virus and cowpox virus have also across over from animals to infect humans. Therefor understanding the biology of poxviruses can help to devise antiviral strategies. In this study we used a system-based approach to examine the host responses to three different orthopoxviruses, CPXV, VACV and ECTV in the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line.
2019-01-15 | GSE120613 | GEO
Project description:Cowpox virus (CPXV) causes most zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPV) infections in Europe and Northern as well as Central Asia. The virus has the broadest host range of OPV and is transmitted to humans from rodents and other wild or domestic animals. Increasing numbers of human CPXV infections in a population with declining immunity have raised concerns about the virus’ zoonotic potential. While there have been reports on the proteome of other human-pathogenic OPV, namely vaccinia virus (VACV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV), the protein composition of the CPXV mature virion (MV) is unknown. This study focused on the comparative analysis of the VACV and CPXV MV proteome by label-free single-run proteomics using nano liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS).
2015-11-16 | PXD003013 | Pride
Project description:The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for replication of Orthopoxviruses (OPV) like vaccinia and cowpox virus (CPXV). Although several proteome studies identified ubiquitin as part of OPV particles, distinct modification sites are largely unknown. Moreover, the UPS plays a key role in poxvirus core uncoating but the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. In the presented study we show that impairment of CPXV replication by proteasome inhibition is caused by a lack of uncoating which can be observed by electron microscopy. These results suggest, that UPS-dependent degradation of viral core proteins is the mechanism underlying CPXV genome uncoating. To proof this hypothesis we analyzed the mature virion ubiquitinome of CPXV using mass spectrometry (MS). We elucidated 137 conserved ubiquitination sites in 54 viral proteins among five CPXV strains verifying ubiquitin is a major poxvirus modification. Structural core proteins were massively ubiquitinated and virions contained large amounts of K48-linked polyubiquitin supporting the hypothesis. Hence, we aimed to show the proteasome-dependent degradation of CPXV core proteins in infected HeLa cells. However, using MS-based quantitative analysis of ubiquitinated virus proteins early in infection we were not able to show the degradation of viral core proteins. Instead, our results revealed the proteasomal degradation of viral proteins associated with the formation of prereplication sites early in infection.
2018-02-07 | PXD006426 | Pride
Project description:Epidemiological investigations of four cowpox virus outbreaks in alpaca herds, Germany
| PRJEB23409 | ENA
Project description:Molecular Detection and Characterization of the First Cowpox Virus Isolate Derived from a Bank Vole
| PRJEB32300 | ENA
Project description:<p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus is an enveloped, pathogenic, RNA virus in the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. Viral particles are formed when the nucleocapsid, consisting of an RNA genome and multiple copies of the capsid protein, buds through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and acquires the viral envelope and the associated proteins. The coordination of the nucleocapsid components to the sites of assembly and budding are poorly understood. Here, we investigate nucleocapsid assembly by characterizing the interactions of the wild-type and truncated capsid proteins with membranes by using biophysical methods and model membrane systems. We show that capsid protein initially binds membranes via electrostatic interactions with negatively-charged lipids which is followed by membrane insertion. Additionally, we show that membrane-bound capsid protein can recruit viral genomic RNA. We confirm the biological relevance of the biophysical findings by using mass spectrometry to show that purified virions contain negatively-charged lipids. Our results suggest that nucleocapsid assembly is coordinated by negatively-charged membrane patches on the endoplasmic reticulum and that the capsid protein mediates direct contacts between the nucleocapsid and the membrane.</p>
2023-01-06 | MTBLS6076 | MetaboLights
Project description:The poxviruses are a family of linear double-stranded DNA viruses about 130 to 230 kbp, that belong to the family Poxviridae. The poxviruses have an animal origin and have evolved to infect a wide host range. Variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is a poxvirus that infect only humans, but other poxviruses such monkey pox virus and cowpox virus have also across over from animals to infect humans. Therefor understanding the biology of poxviruses can help to devise antiviral strategies. In this study we used a system-based approach to examine the host responses to three different orthopoxviruses, CPXV, VACV and ECTV in the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line.
2019-01-15 | GSE120615 | GEO