Project description:Aging alters gastrointestinal morphology, microbiota, and functionality, and is associated with increased incidence of intestinal disease. The mechanisms that contribute to these changes are poorly described. Gene expression in dogs has been evaluated for a few select genes under pathogenic or varying dietary conditions, but global gene expression profiles of aged versus young adult dogs have not been compared previously. Thus, we used canine microarrays to compare gene expression profiles of colonic epithelial tissue from geriatric and young adult dogs fed 2 different diets. Colon tissue samples were collected from 6 geriatric (12 yr-old) and 6 young adult (1 yr-old) female beagles after being fed one of two diets (animal protein-based versus plant-protein based) for 12 months. RNA samples were hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Canine Genome Arrays. Statistical analyses indicated that age had the greatest impact on gene expression, with 212 genes differentially expressed in geriatric dogs. Although not as robust as age, diet affected mRNA abundance of 66 genes. The effect of age was most notable, with increased expression in genes related to inflammation, stress response, cellular metabolism and cell proliferation and decreased expression in genes associated with apoptosis and defense mechanism in senior dogs. The effect of diet on gene expression was not consistent, but appeared to have a greater response in senior dogs.
Project description:The aim of this work was to identify the copy number aberrations (CNAs) by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) on 7 dogs with newly diagnosed FL and 5 dogs with newly diagnosed MZL.
Project description:D-galactose orally intake ameliorate DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis by modulating microbiota composition and quorum sensing. The increased abundance of bacteroidetes and decreased abundance of firmicutes was confirmed. By D-galactose treatment, Bacteroides population was increased and prevotella, ruminococcus was decreased which is related to atopic dermatitis.
Project description:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder that disrupts the body from shifting glucose into the cells resulting in hyperglycaemia (1). Insulin dependence or DM that resembles type I diabetes in humans is commonly observed in dogs (2). Canine DM diagnosis is based on fasting hyperglycaemia and glucosuria with clinical presentation of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss (2). Its treatment goal is blood glucose control, which can be accomplished through insulin therapy, dietary modification and control of concurrent disorders (3). The major complications of DM include diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis induced by chronic hyperglycaemia via several pathways (4). The proposed unifying mechanism that mediates the tissue-damaging effects of hyperglycaemia is superoxide overproduction (5). Effective monitoring is required for DM treatment to reduce the risk of progression and complication. Hence, the identification of novel biomarkers is being researched (6, 7). Proteomics has been recognised as an important tool for establishing a diagnosis of disease aetiology and monitoring therapy outcomes (8, 9). Proteomic patterns were applied to detect diabetes and complications, as well as to evaluate treatment effectiveness in humans (10-12). There is limited information on proteomic data in DM dogs (13-15). In a proteomic analysis of serum samples from DM dogs, most upregulated proteins are involved in oxidative state, defence and inflammation (13). Medicinal plants are utilised in DM dogs as an adjunct medicine in combination with standard treatment to prevent the development of long-term diabetes complications and improve overall well-being. Curcumin, the most phytochemically active curcuminoid extracted from Curcuma longa, has gained attention in human and laboratory animals. Curcumin is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties (16-18). In humans and experimental animals with DM, curcumin has an antioxidant potential of enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (19, 20). The anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in DM were reported via decreased interleukin-1β (IL‐1β), interleukin-6 (IL‐6), interleukin-8 (IL‐8) and tumour necrosis factor-α levels and also diminished monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and C-reactive protein levels (19-21). There has been no published evidence of the impact, safety and proteomic profiles of curcuminoids, particularly curcumin, in client-own DM dogs. Accordingly, the aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the effects of curcuminoid supplementation on canine DM-associated oxidative stress and inflammation, (2) to determine the safety of curcuminoid supplementation in canine diabetes and (3) to determine whether curcuminoid has an impact on proteins implicated in DM-associated complications by a proteomic analysis.
Project description:Some dogs respond well to amputation and chemotherapy and are disease free longer than the median 200 days whereas others experience rapid lung metastasis. Microarrays were used to compare primary tumors of dogs with a disease free interval (DFI) >300 days (n=7) to those with a DFI<100 days (n=8). Chemotherapy naïve primary tumors were collected at the time of amputation and archived at the Animal Cancer Center. Arrays were performed on a total of 15 dogs.