Equus kiang
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA428281 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Similar Datasets
Project description:An emerging conflict with Trans-Himalayan pastoral communities in Ladakh's Changthang Plateau threatens the conservation prospects of the kiang (Equus kiang) in India. It is locally believed that Changthang's rangelands are overstocked with kiang, resulting in forage competition with livestock. Here, we provide a review and preliminary data on the causes of this conflict. Erosion of people's tolerance of the kiang can be attributed to factors such as the loss of traditional pastures during an Indo-Chinese war fought in 1962, immigration of refugees from Tibet, doubling of the livestock population in about 20 years, and increasing commercialization of cashmere (pashmina) production. The perception of kiang overstocking appears misplaced, because our range-wide density estimate of 0.24 kiang km(-2) (+/- 0.44, 95% CL) is comparable to kiang densities reported from Tibet. A catastrophic decline during the war and subsequent recovery of the kiang population apparently led to the overstocking perception in Ladakh. In the Hanle Valley, an important area for the kiang, its density was higher (0.56 km(-2)) although even here, we estimated the total forage consumed by kiang to be only 3-4% compared to 96-97% consumed by the large livestock population (78 km(-2)). Our analysis nevertheless suggests that at a localized scale, some herders do face serious forage competition from kiang in key areas such as moist sedge meadows, and thus management strategies also need to be devised at this scale. In-depth socioeconomic surveys are needed to understand the full extent of the conflicts, and herder-centered participatory resolution needs to be facilitated to ensure that a sustainable solution for livelihoods and kiang conservation is achieved.
| S-EPMC1705511 | biostudies-other
Project description:Interactions between gut microbiota not only regulate physical health, but also form a vital bridge between the environment and the host, thus helping the host to better adapt to the environment. The improvement of modern molecular sequencing techniques enables in-depth investigations of the gut microbiota of vertebrate herbivores without harming them. By sequencing the 16S rRNA V4-V5 region of the gut microbiota of both the captive and wild kiang in winter and summer, the diversity and function of the microbiota could be compared. The reasons for observed differences were discussed. The results showed that the dominant phyla of the kiang were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota differed significantly between seasons and environments. However, the relatively stable function of the gut microbiota supplies the host with increased adaptability to the environment. The diversity of the intestinal flora of the kiang is relatively low in captivity, which increases their risk to catch diseases to some extent. Therefore, importance should be attached to the impact of captivity on wildlife.
| S-EPMC7294314 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tibetan wild asses (Equus Kiang) are the only wild species of perissodactyls on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and appears on the International Union for Conversation of Nature (IUCN) 2012 Red List of threatened species. Therefore, understanding the gut microbiota composition and function of wild asses can provide a theoretical for the situ conservation of wild animals in the future.In this study, we measured the dry matter digestion by the 4 molar hydrochloric acid (4N HCL) acid-insoluble ash method and analyzed the intestinal microbiota of wild asses and domestic donkeys by high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rDNA genes in V3-V4 regions. The results showed that the dry matter digestion in wild asses was significantly higher than in domestic donkeys (P < 0.05). No significant difference in alpha diversity was detected between these two groups. Beta diversity showed that the bacterial community structure of wild asses was acutely different from domestic donkeys. At the phylum level, the two dominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in wild asses were significantly higher than that in domestic donkeys. At the genus level, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214, Phascolarctobacterium, Coprostanoligenes_group, Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group and Akkermansia in wild asses were significantly higher than in domestic donkeys. Moreover, statistical comparisons showed that 40 different metabolic pathways exhibited significant differences. Among them, 29 pathways had richer concentrations in wild asses than domestic donkeys, mainly included amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. Of note, network analysis showed that wild asses harbored a relatively more complex bacterial network than domestic donkeys, possibly reflecting the specific niche adaption of gut bacterial communities through species interactions. The overall results indicated that wild asses have advantages over domestic donkeys in dry matter digestion, gut microbial community composition and function, and wild asses have their unique intestinal flora to adapt high altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
| S-EPMC7276150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:gut metagenome
| PRJNA837737 | ENA
Project description:An Infinium microarray platform (GPL28271, HorvathMammalMethylChip40) was used to generate DNA methylation data from blood samples in two equid species: Somali wild ass and Grevy's zebra. n=12 blood samples
2021-11-25 | GSE184222 | GEO
Project description:Objective: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) secondary to anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) greatly influence the prognoses of patients with ASS. Here we aimed to investigate the peripheral immune responses to understand the pathogenesis of this condition. Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 5 patients with ASS-ILD and 3 healthy donors (HDs). Flow cytometry of PBMCs was performed to replenish the results of scRNA-seq. Results: We used scRNA-seq to depict a high-resolution visualization of cellular landscape in PBMCs from patients with ASS-ILD. Patients showed upregulated interferon responses among all cell types. And the ratio of effector memory CD8 T cells to naïve CD8 T cells was significantly higher than that in HDs. Additionally, Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathways were enriched in T cells, and antigen processing and presentation was enhanced in NK cells. Flow cytometry analyses showed increased proportions of Th17 cells and Th2 cells, and decreased proportion of Th1 cells in patients with ASS-ILD when compared with HDs. Conclusions: Our study reveals that ASS-ILD is characterized by upregulated interferon responses, altered CD8 T cell homeostasis, involvement of differentiation signaling pathways of CD4 T cells, and enhanced antigen processing and presentation ability in NK cells by scRNA-seq data. And the proportions of Th17 cells and Th2 cells are higher in patients with ASS-ILD than those in HDs using flow cytometry, while the proportion of Th1 cells is lower. These findings may provide foundations of novel therapeutic targets for patients with this condition.
2021-12-10 | GSE190510 | GEO
Project description:Methylation studies in wild ass and Grevy's zebra
| PRJNA763598 | ENA