Project description:Understanding molecular mechanism associated with high altitude exposure during acclimatization/adaptation/maladaptation. Data reveals specific components of the complex molecular circuitry underlying high altitude pulmonary edema. Individualized outcome prediction were constructed through expression profiling of 39400 genes in sea level sojourners who were acclimatized to high altitude and grouped as controls (n=14), high altitude natives (n=14) and individuals who developed high altitude pulmonary edema within 48-72 hours after air induction to high altitude (n=17).
Project description:Understanding molecular mechanism associated with high altitude exposure during acclimatization/adaptation/maladaptation. Data reveals specific components of the complex molecular circuitry underlying high altitude pulmonary edema.
Project description:Purpose: High-altitude adaptive evolution of transcription, and the convergence and divergence of transcriptional alteration across species in response to high-altitude environments, is an important topic of broad interest to the general biology community. Our study aims to answer this important biological question. Methods: We generated deep transcriptome data of high- and low- altitude populations across four species: chicken, pig, goat and sheep, as well as high-altitude yak and low-altitude cattle, from six tissues (heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal muscle and spleen). Results: Here we provide a comprehensive comparative transcriptome landscape of expression and alternative splicing variation between low- and high-altitude populations across multiple species for distinct tissues. Conclusions: Our data serves a valuable resource for further study on adaptive transcription evolution and identification of candidate adaptive genes.
Project description:Purpose: Domestic goats distributed in a wide range of habitats and have evolved genetic adaptations to their local environmental conditions. The goal of this study s to investigate the dramatic gene expression changes of goats that are shaped by high altitude adaptation. Methods: We performed RNA-seq on 27 samples from the three hypoxia-sensitive tissues (heart, lung and skeletal muscle) in three indigenous populations residing in distinct altitudes (600 m, 2,000 m and 3,000 m). Results: We identified numerous differentially expressed genes which exhibited distinct expression patterns, and nonsynonymous SNVs-containing genes which highly differentiated between the high- and low-altitude populations. Conclusions: These identified genes have known or potential roles in hypoxia response, and enriched in functional gene categories potentially responsible for high altitude adaptation, are appealing candidates for further investigation of the adaptive evolution in harsh high-altitude environment.
Project description:Altitude acclimatization is the physiological process to restore oxygen delivery to the tissues and promote the oxygen application under high altitude hypoxia. High altitude illness could happen in individuals who did not get acclimatization. Unraveling the molecular underpinnings of altitude acclimatization would help people to understand the beneficial response of body to high altitude hypoxia and disturbed biological process in un-acclimatized individuals. Here, we measured physiological adjustments and circulating microRNAs (cmiRNAs) profiles of individuals exposed to high altitude to explore the altitude acclimatization in humans.
Project description:Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common disabling condition in individuals experiencing high altitudes, which may progress to life-threatening high altitude cerebral edema. Today, no established biomarkers are available for prediction of AMS and Non-AMS individuals before exposure to high altitude.MicroRNAs emerge as promising sensitive and specific biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Thus, we sought to identify circulating microRNAs suitable for prediction the susceptible of AMS before exposure to high altitude. A total of 31 microRNAs were differentially expressed between AMS and Non-AMS groups, 15 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated. Up-regulation of miR-369-3p, miR-449b-3p, miR-136-3p, and miR-4791 in patients with AMS compared with Non-AMS individuals were quantitatively confirmed using qPCR (all, P < 0.001). A unique signature encompassing miR-369-3p, miR-449b-3p, and miR-136-3p discriminate AMS from Non-AMS (area under the curve 0.986, 95%CI 0.970-1.000, P < 0.001, LR+: 14.21, LR-: 0.08). This signature yielded a 92.68% sensitivity and a 93.48% specificity for AMS vs. Non-AMS.The study here, for the first time, describes a signature of three circulating microRNAs as a robust biomarker to differentiate AMS from Non-AMS individuals.
Project description:This study evaluates genetic and phenotypic variation in the high altitude Colla population living in the Argentinean Andes above 3500 m. They were compared to the Wichà population living in the nearby lowlands of the Gran Chaco region. This study attempts to pinpoint evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. We have genotyped 25 individuals from both populations for 730,525 SNPs. DNA from 25 saliva samples from Collas living >3500 m and 25 saliva samples from Wichà living <500 m from the Province of Salta in Argentina was genotyped
Project description:Additional to GSE1807 A comparative analysis, by expression profiling of maize, was performed to identify novel components in the mechanisms of maize responses to UV-B. Five high-altitude landraces grown from 2,000 to 3,400 m naturally receive higher UV-B fluence than plants at lower altitudes and similar latitudes. These high-altitude landraces were compared directly with a low-altitude line and with literature reports for other temperate maize lines. A microarray analysis demonstrated that among the UV-B responsive transcripts, several types of gene implicated in chromatin remodeling are differentially expressed before and after UV-B treatment in high-altitude lines. RNAi transgenic plants with lower expression of four such chromatin-associated genes exhibited hypersensitivity to UV-B by measurements of leaf arching, increased leaf chlorosis and necrosis, and altered UV-B regulation of selected genes. These results collectively suggest that genes involved in chromatin remodeling are crucial for UV-B acclimation and that some high-altitude lines exhibit adaptations to this challenge.
Project description:This study evaluates genetic and phenotypic variation in the high altitude Colla population living in the Argentinean Andes above 3500 m. They were compared to the Wichí population living in the nearby lowlands of the Gran Chaco region. This study attempts to pinpoint evolutionary mechanisms underlying adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia. We have genotyped 25 individuals from both populations for 730,525 SNPs.