Project description:Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during fruit ripening and its control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes and some of them had their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was then compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. Overall, the transcriptomics analysis revealed many similarities between ripening in papaya and tomato especially with respect to primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicate that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families are involved in the control of papaya ripening and reveal that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya showed similarities to the expression profiles seen in A. thaliana during hypocotyl development. Conclusion: The cross-species array experiment was successful in identifying ripening-related genes in papaya. The data indicated common and diverse elements of transcription control between fruit bearing taxa and has also indicated a possible distinct co-evolutionary mechanism for papaya cell wall disassembling system. The present study represents new topics for future researches that would help complement the structural genomic data provided by the papaya genome, since there is no gene-chip available for this plant organism. Papaya ripe transcriptome was analysed using mRNA extracted from unripe and ripe fruit from 2 replicates. After microarray hybridization in ATH1-121501 chip, data were normalized against data generated by papaya DNA hybridization in another ATH1-121501 chip and analysed using perl algorithms (masks).
Project description:Background: Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during fruit ripening and its control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. Results: Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes and some of them had their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was then compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. Overall, the transcriptomics analysis revealed many similarities between ripening in papaya and tomato especially with respect to primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicate that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families are involved in the control of papaya ripening and reveal that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya showed similarities to the expression profiles seen in A. thaliana during hypocotyl development. Conclusion: The cross-species array experiment was successful in identifying ripening-related genes in papaya. The data indicated common and diverse elements of transcription control between fruit bearing taxa and has also indicated a possible distinct co-evolutionary mechanism for papaya cell wall disassembling system. The present study represents new topics for future researches that would help complement the structural genomic data provided by the papaya genome, since there is no gene-chip available for this plant organism.
Project description:The Ixodidea tick Dermacentor marginatus is a vector of many pathogens wide spread in Eurasia. Study of gene targets of the tick species provides insight to find novel tick protective antigen for drug development and vaccine targets. To obtain a broader picture of gene sequences and changes in expression level, we aimed to characterize the whole body transcriptome in D. marginatus adult female after engorgement and long-term starvation using RNA-seq. We have assembled and analyzed transcriptome of D. marginatus females 5 days after ecdysis, 24 h after a blood meal, and 6 months under controlled experimental conditions. Sequencing produced 30251 unigenes, of which 32% were annotated using Trinity. Gene expression was compared among groups differed by status as newly molted, starved and engorged female adult ticks. Nearly 1/3 of the unigenes in each group were differentially expressed compared to the other two group, and we found that the most numerous were proteins involved in catalytic and binding activities and apoptosis. Selected up-regulated differentially expressed genes in each group associated to protein, lipids, carbohydrate and chitin metabolism. Blood feeding and long-term starvation also caused genes differentially expressed in the defense response and antioxidant response. Finding the sequence information and expression pattern would be helpful in understanding molecular physiology of D. marginatus, and provides information for anti-tick vaccine and drug development.
Project description:Plant response to insect feeding appears to be highly specific with regard to the organisms in the system. Here, we report on the interaction between grapevine Vitis vinifera plants and a phloem-feeding insect pest, the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus. Plants were exposed to P. ficus for periods of 6 hours and 96 hours, after which they were analysed for gene expression levels using microarrays and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Both methods showed that grapevine displayed only a minimal response to mealybug feeding at the transcript level at both time periods. Intermediate grapevine exposure times (24, 48 and 72 hours) to P. ficus feeding were investigated using qPCR analysis of ten additional genes associated with known plant defense responses. Results showed that only a single gene, pathogenesis-related protein 1, was differentially expressed after 48 hours of mealybug feeding. During the course of mealybug feeding, however, a number of other genes were significantly up- or down-regulated at certain time points. Thus, it appears as if grapevine responds minimally to feeding by P. ficus as well as within a very narrow time period. The relative lack of grapevine plant defense mechanisms may be a result of the feeding strategies of mealybugs. Eight samples were analysed. Two replicates each were included for each treatment (6 hour and 96 hour feeding), resulting in four samples. Two control replicates were included for each treatment (6 hour and 96 hour feeding controls), resulting in a further four samples.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling of Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 wild type grown to mid-exponential phase in minimal media with either 13 uM (Cu-H) or 0.5 uM (Cu-L) Cu regimes. The goal was to define the effects of Cu-limitation on denitrification genes Two growth conditions, three biological replicates of each condition. Each sample hybridised in a two-channel hybridization against Paracoccus denitrificans genomic DNA as the comparator/reference, which also acted as a control for spot quality. Cu-concentration 13 uM (Cu-H) versus 0.5 uM Cu (Cu-L) in anaerobic growth conditions.
Project description:We wanted to infer the contribution of host vs symbiotic microbiota plasticities on thermal acclimation of the holobiont. We long-term acclimated anymals of the same clonal line to 3 different temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C) and monitored along time the changes in fitness, microbiota composition, and host transcriptome.
Project description:For identifying genes for sex determination in papaya, digital gene expression analysis by Ht-SuperSAGE (Matsumura et al., 2010) was carried out in flowers from male, female and hermaphrodite plants of papaya. Total more than 9,273,744 26bp-tags were obtained by sequence analysis using SOLiD3 and mapped on papaya primitive sex chromosome sequences.