Transcriptomic profiling of a eIF2B mutant mouse with a chronic Integrated Stress Response
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA526445 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR8707330_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8707330_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8707340_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8707340_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8707350_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Purpose: The integrated stress response (ISR) attenuates the rate of protein synthesis while inducing expression of stress proteins in cells. Various insults activate kinases that phosphorylate the GTPase eIF2 leading to inhibition of its exchange factor eIF2B. Vanishing White Matter (VWM) is a neurological disease caused by eIF2B mutations that, like phosphorylated eIF2, reduce its activity. We performed RNA-seq analysis of cerebellum collected from mice harboring a homozygous point mutation in eIF2B5 (HO R191H), a mutation that causes a severe form of VWM in humans and compared gene expression to wildtype age-matched littermates to identify transcriptomic differences at early, mid and late time points during disease progression. We also performed RNA-seq on cerebellum collected from animals treated with the eIF2B activator 2BAct for 1 month to determine to what extent small molecule treatment could normalize the VWM transcriptome. Methods: Samples were collected at 2, 5, and 7 months of age. In addition, HO R191H and WT mice treated with and without with the eIF2B activator 2BAct for 1 month were profiled. RNA-seq libraries were prepared using purified RNA isolated from frozen tissue using the RNeasy Mini kit. RNA quality and concentration were assayed using a Fragment Analyzer instrument. RNA-seq libraries were prepared using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA kit paired with the Ribo-Zero rRNA removal kit. Libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 instrument. For the experiment comparing different ages, N = 3 males/genotype/time point. For the 4-week 2BAct treatment experiment, N = 3 females/condition. Conclusions: HO R191H mutant brains show an elevated gene expression signature of the Integrated Stress Reponse in mice as early as 2 months, preceding the appearance of overt pathology in these animals. The expression of the ISR-related genes does not significantly increases at 5 months and 7 months of age. One month of treatment with 2BAct completely prevented the expression of ISR-related in genes in 2 month old animals.
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Project description:Various stressors such as viral infection lead to the suppression of cap-dependent translation and the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), since the stress-induced phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 [eIF2(αP)] tightly binds to eIF2B to prevent it from exchanging guanine nucleotide molecules on its substrate, unphosphorylated eIF2. Sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) evades this cap-dependent translation suppression through the interaction between its nonstructural protein NSs and host eIF2B. However, its precise mechanism has remained unclear. Here, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis revealed that SFSV NSs binds to the α-subunit of eIF2B in a competitive manner with eIF2(αP). Together with SFSV NSs, eIF2B retains nucleotide exchange activity even in the presence of eIF2(αP), in line with the cryo-EM structures of the eIF2B•SFSV NSs•unphosphorylated eIF2 complex. A genome-wide ribosome profiling analysis clarified that SFSV NSs expressed in cultured human cells attenuates the ISR triggered by thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer. Furthermore, SFSV NSs introduced in rat hippocampal neurons and human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived motor neurons exhibited neuroprotective effects against the ISR-inducing stress. Since ISR inhibition is beneficial in various neurological disease models, SFSV NSs is promising as a therapeutic ISR inhibitor.
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Project description:eIF2B-capturing viral protein NSs suppresses the integrated stress response
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Project description:Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is a homeostatic mechanism induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. With acute/transient ER stress, decreased global protein synthesis and increased uORF mRNA translation are followed by translation normalization. Here, we report a dramatically different response during more physiologically relevant chronic ER stress. This unique ISR program is characterized by persistently elevated uORF mRNA translation and concurrent gene expression reprogramming, which permits simultaneous stress sensing and proteostasis. PERK-dependent switching from eIF4F/eIF2B- to eIF3D/GADD34-regulated translation initiation results in partial but not complete translation recovery, and together with transcriptional reprogramming, selectively bolsters expression of proteins with ER functions. Coordination of these transcriptional and translational changes prevents ER dysfunction and inhibits “foamy cell” development, thus establishing a molecular basis for understanding human diseases associated with ER dysfunction.
2018-01-05 | GSE90070 | GEO
Project description:The liver plays a central role in metabolism and is important in maintaining homeostasis throughout the body. This study integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data to understand how the liver responds under chronic heat stress. Chickens from a rapidly growing broiler line were heat stressed for 8 hours per day for one week and liver samples were collected at 28 days post hatch. Transcriptome analysis reveals changes in genes responsible for cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair along with immune function. Integrating the metabolome and transcriptome data highlighted multiple pathways affected by heat stress including glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism along with glutathione production and beta- oxidation.
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Project description:Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray data from 36 mice subjected for 1, 2, or 4 weeks of their early life to normal atmospheric conditions (normoxia) or chronic intermittent (CIH) or constant (CCH) hypoxia were analyzed to extract organizational principles of the developing heart transcriptome and determine the integrated response to oxygen deprivation. Although both CCH and CIH regulated numerous genes involved in a wide diversity of processes, the changes in maturational profile, expression stability, and coordination were vastly different between the two treatments, indicating the activation of distinct regulatory mechanisms of gene transcription. The analysis focused on the main regulators of translation and response to stress because of their role in the cardiac hypertrophy and cell survival in hypoxia. On average, the expression of each heart gene was tied to the expression of about 20% of other genes in normoxia but to only 8% in CCH and 9% in CIH, indicating a strong decoupling effect of hypoxia. In contrast to the general tendency, the interlinkages among components of the translational machinery and response to stress increased significantly in CIH and much more in CCH, suggesting a coordinated response to the hypoxic stress. Moreover, the transcriptomic networks were profoundly and differently remodeled by CCH and CIH.
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Project description:Comparison of genes induced during activation of the Integrated Stress Response by tunicamycin or following AP20187 induced dimerization of a Fv2E-PERK chimera in wildtype cells and cells carrying mutations in key ISR signaling molecules. Keywords: other
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Project description:Various stress conditions are signaled through phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) to inhibit global translation while selectively activating transcription factor ATF4 to aid cell survival and recovery. However, this integrated stress response is acute and cannot resolve lasting stress. Here, we report that tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS), a member of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family that responds to diverse stress conditions through cytosol-nucleus translocation to activate stress-response genes, also inhibits global translation. However, it occurs at a later stage than eIF2α/ATF4 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) responses. Excluding TyrRS from the nucleus over-activates translation and increases apoptosis in cells under prolonged oxidative stress. Nuclear TyrRS transcriptionally represses translation genes by recruiting TRIM28 and/or NuRD complex. We propose that TyrRS, possibly along with other family members, can sense a variety of stress signals through intrinsic properties of this enzyme and strategically located nuclear localization signal and integrate them by nucleus translocation to effect protective responses against chronic stress.
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Project description:Genome-wide mRNA expression in brains of wild-type and eIF2B-R132H/R132H mutant mice (Geva et al., BRAIN 133 (8), 2010) profiled at postnatal (P) days 1, 18 and 21 to reflect the early proliferative stage prior to white matter establishment (P1) and the peak of oligodendrocye differentiation and myelin synthesis (P18 and P21). 3 biological replicates (whole brain without the cerebellum) from each wild-type and eIF2B-R132H/R132H mutant mice at 3 postnatal (P) days 1, 18 and 21 were used for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.
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Project description:All cells respond to intrinsic and extrinsic stresses by reducing global protein synthesis and activating select gene programs necessary for survival. Here, we show the fundamental integrated stress response (ISR) is driven by the non-canonical cap-binding protein eIF3d which acts as a master effector to control core stress response orchestrators, the translation factor eIF2ɑ and the transcription factor ATF4. We find that during persistent stress, eIF3d activates translation of the protein kinase GCN2, inducing eIF2ɑ phosphorylation and inhibiting global protein synthesis. In parallel, eIF3d upregulates the m6A demethylase enzyme ALKBH5 to drive 5′ UTR-specific demethylation of stress response genes, including ATF4. Ultimately, this cascade converges on ATF4 expression by increasing mRNA engagement of translation machinery and enhancing ribosome bypass of upstream open reading frames. Our results reveal that eIF3d acts as a critical life-or-death decision point during adaptation to chronic stress and uncover a synergistic signaling mechanism in which translational cascades dynamically complement transcriptional amplification to control essential cellular processes.
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