Project description:The gut of chicken is mostly colonised with Campylobacter jejuni and with 100 fold less C. coli. The competitive ability of C. coli OR12 over C. jejuni OR1 has been examined in experimental broiler chickens following the observation that C. coli replaced an established C. jejuni intestinal colonisation within commercial chicken flocks reared outdoors (El-Shibiny, A., Connerton, P.L., Connerton, I.F., 2005. Enumeration and diversity of campylobacters and bacteriophages isolated during the rearing cycles of free-range and organic chickens. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 71, 1259-1266).
Project description:Chromosomal segmental copy number variation (CNV) has been recently recognized as a very important source of genetic variability. Some CNV loci involve genes or conserved regulatory regions. Compelling evidence indicates that CNVs impact genome functions. The chicken is a very important farm animal species which has also served as model animal for biological and biomedical research for hundreds of years. A map of CNVs in chickens could facilitate the identification of chromosome regions that segregate for important agricultural and disease phenotypes. NimbleGen 385k whole genome tiling arrays were used to map CNVs in the chicken. This study has identified 96 CNVs in three lines of chickens (broiler, Leghorn and Rhode Island red). These CNVs encompass 16 Mb (1.3%) of the chicken genome. Twenty six CNVs were found in two or more animals. Smaller sized CNVs mostly affect none coding sequences while larger CNV regions involve genes, for example prolactin receptor, aldose reductase and zinc finger proteins, suggesting chicken CNVs potentially affect agricultural or disease related traits.
Project description:Purpose: To identify the key regulatory genes and pathways involved in chicken high egg productivon in HPG axis. Methods: A total of 856 Chinese Luhua chicken was raised in poultry breeding farm of Sichuan Agricultural University, the highest two hundred and the lowest two hundred chicken egg production were considered as high egg production (HEP) and low egg production (LEP) according to the total egg number at 300 days of age, respectively, integrated with RNA-seq sequencing of samples of HPG axis (hypothalamus, pituitary gland and ovary) from three HEP and three LEP chickens at 300 days of age. Results: A total 86.7 Gb RNA-seq sequences were generated, and with each library averaged 5.1 Gb. Conclusions: These important data might improve our understanding of reproductive biology of Luhua chicken by providing comprehensive gene expression information at transcriptional level. We indicate that our approach will contribute to the isolation of effective molecular markers that can be used in genetic breeding programs in Chinese domestic Luhua chicken.
Project description:The perinatal period is critical for farm animals which are very sensitive to external challenges at this stage; this is partly due to the immaturity of their digestive and immune systems and high demand on behavioural and physiological adaptation. In addition, recent studies have shown that perinatal stressors can be responsible for increased disease risk in adulthood. We therefore hypothesized that correct welfare-health (WH) management of the young animal would improve its ability to cope with various challenges encountered not only during early post natal life but also throughout its whole production life. This programme aims to mimick field issues in experimental designs to assess their short- and long-term effects on WH. For the chicken, the negative experience will be exposure to experimental conditions that reproduce the conditions encountered between hatching and delivery to the farm.
Project description:Background: Farm exposures in early life reduce the risks for childhood allergic diseases and asthma. There is less information about how farm exposures relate to respiratory illnesses and mucosal immune development. Objective: We hypothesized that children raised in farm environments have a lower incidence of viral illnesses over the first two years of life than non-farm children. We also analyzed between farm exposures or respiratory illnesses were related to patterns of nasal cell gene expression. Methods: The Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) birth cohort enrolled farm and non-farm pregnant women from central Wisconsin. Parents reported prenatal farm and other environmental exposures. Illness frequency and severity were assessed using illness diaries and periodic surveys. Nasopharyngeal cell gene expression at age two years was compared to farm exposure and respiratory illness history. Results: There was a higher rate of respiratory illnesses in the non-farm vs. farm group (rate ratio 0.82 [0.69,0.97], p=0.020), but no significant differences in wheezing illnesses. There was a stepwise reduction in rates of respiratory illnesses in children exposed at least weekly to 0, 1, or ≥2 animals (p=0.006). In analyzing nasal cell gene expression, farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were positively related to gene signatures for mononuclear cells and innate and antimicrobial responses. Conclusions: Children exposed to farms and farm animals had lower rates of respiratory illnesses over the first two years of life. Both farm exposures and preceding respiratory illnesses were associated with increased innate immune responses, suggesting that these exposures stimulate mucosal immune responses to reduce subsequent illness frequency.
2024-01-29 | GSE233761 | GEO
Project description:blaNDM-5-positive E.coli from chicken farm
Project description:An experiment to identify the downstream targets of PatE, a prophage encoded AraC-like transcriptional regulator, in transcriptional activation of acid-resistance pathways of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli strain EDL933 using deletion and complementation strains (Delta3 and Delta3_1, respectively). Incomplete 2 factor with dye swaps. Genotype: 3 levels (wt, detla3, delta3_1) Bicarbonate: 2 levels (pos, neg) on wt only. 4 biological replicates, 2 in each dye orientation. Microarrays processed at Australian Genome Research Facility.