Project description:The effects of serotype 3-specific monoclonal antibodies on S. pneumoniae gene expression during nasopharyngeal colonization of mice were tested via RNA-seq.
Project description:Diagnostic primer extension assay to serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae. Assay validation. Background: Monitoring of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology is essential since serotype replacement is a concern when introducing new polysaccharide-conjugate vaccines. To simplify S. pneumoniae serotyping, a novel PCR-based automated microarray assay was developed to assist in the tracking of the serotypes. Results: Autolysin (lytA), pneumolysin (ply) and eight genes located in the capsular operon (cps) were amplified using multiplex PCR. This step was followed by a tagged fluorescent primer extension step targeting serotype-specific polymorphisms. The tagged primers were then hybridized to a microarray. Results were exported to an expert system that transforms genetic typing data into capsular serotype identification. The assay was validated on 166 cultured S. pneumoniae samples from 63 different serotypes as determined by the Quellung method. In addition, the assay was tested on clinical specimens including 43 cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with meningitidis and 59 nasopharyngeal aspirates from bacterial pneumonia patients. The assay presented with no cross-reactivity for 24 relevant bacterial species found in these types of samples. The limit of detection for serotyping and S. pneumoniae detection was 100 genome equivalent per reaction. Conclusion: This automated assay is amenable to clinical testing and does not require any culturing of the samples. The assay will be useful for the evaluation of serotype prevalence changes after new conjugate vaccines introduction.
Project description:Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae classified as multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258)are a problem in healthcare settings in many countries globally. ST258 isolates are resistant tomultiple classes of antibiotics and can cause life-threatening infections, such as pneumonia andsepsis, in susceptible individuals. Treatment strategies for such infections are limited. Hence,understanding the response of K. pneumoniae to host factors in the presence of antibiotics couldreveal mechanisms employed by the pathogen to evade killing in the susceptible host, as well asinform treatment of infections. Here, we investigated the ability of subinhibitory concentrationsof antibiotics to alter K. pneumoniae capsule polysaccharide (CPS) production and survival innormal human serum. Several antibiotics tested enhanced ST258 survival in normal humanserum. Unexpectedly, subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin increased survival in 7 of 10clinical isolates tested, and caused up-regulated expression of CPS biosynthesis genes and CPSproduction in a selected ST258 clinical isolate (34446) compared with untreated controls.Additionally, mupirocin treatment caused a reduction in the deposition of the serum complementproteins C3b and C5b-9 on the surface of ST258. Transcriptome analyses with isolate 34446indicated that genes implicated in serum resistance, such as aroE, csrD, pyrB, pyrC and traT,were up-regulated following mupirocin treatment. In conclusion, mupirocin causes changes inthe K. pneumoniae transcriptome that likely contribute to the observed decrease in serumsusceptibility via a multifactorial process. Whether these responses are triggered by othercomponents of host defense or therapeutics that were not tested here merits further investigation.
Project description:Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human respiratory pathogen and the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), which often act by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression, have been shown to be crucial for the virulence of S. pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens. Over 170 putative sRNAs have been identified in S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain (serotype 4) through transcriptomic studies, and a subset of these sRNAs have been further implicated in regulating pneumococcal pathogenesis. However, there was little overlap in the sRNAs identified among these studies, which indicated that the approaches used for sRNA identification were not sufficiently sensitive and robust and that there were likely many more undiscovered sRNAs encoded in the S. pneumoniae genome. Here, we sought to comprehensively identify sRNAs in Avery's virulent S. pneumoniae strain D39 using two independent RNA-seq based approaches. We developed an unbiased method for identifying novel sRNAs from bacterial RNA-seq data and have further tested the specificity of our analysis program towards identifying sRNAs encoded by both strains D39 and TIGR4. Interestingly, the genes for 15% of the putative sRNAs identified in strain TIGR4 including ones previously implicated in virulence were not present in strain D39 genome suggesting that the differences in sRNA repertoires between these two serotypes may contribute to their strain-specific virulence properties. Finally, this study has identified 67 new sRNA candidates in strain D39, 28 out of which have been further validated, raising the total number of sRNAs that have been identified in strain D39 to 112.
Project description:Analysis of the pulmonary gene expression in two mouse strains BALB/cOlaHsd (BALB/c) and CBA/CaOlaHsd (CBA/Ca) after infection with various serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. BALB/c mice show high resistance to infection with S. pneumoniae strain D39 (serotype 2), while CBA/Ca mice are highly susceptible. The lung samples of BALB/c and CBA/Ca were collected at 6h post-infection with one of the tested pneumococcal serotypes (2, 3, 6B and 19F) and for control animals (PBS-treated). Additionally lung samples from both mouse strains were collected at 12h and 24h post-infection with pneumococcal strain D39. The lists of differentially expressed genes were created by the comparison of infected versus PBS-treated animals and infected BALB/c versus infected CBA/Ca for each pneumococcal strain. The tested hypotheses were: 1) infection with S. pneumoniae will change the pulmonary transcriptomes of both mouse strains 2) The pulmonary gene expression will be specific for mouse strains and for the pneumococcal serotype and 3) The change in the pulmonary gene expression will associate with future clinical outcome of infection or with the type of observed inflammatory responses. Total RNA obtained from lung tissue from BALB/cOlaHsd and CBA/CaOlaHsd mouse strains (Harlan) post intranasal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae of various serotypes (2, 3, 6B and 19F) dose 5.0E06 CFU or PBS-treated animals
Project description:Analysis of the pulmonary gene expression in two mouse strains BALB/cOlaHsd (BALB/c) and CBA/CaOlaHsd (CBA/Ca) after infection with various serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. BALB/c mice show high resistance to infection with S. pneumoniae strain D39 (serotype 2), while CBA/Ca mice are highly susceptible. The lung samples of BALB/c and CBA/Ca were collected at 6h post-infection with one of the tested pneumococcal serotypes (2, 3, 6B and 19F) and for control animals (PBS-treated). Additionally lung samples from both mouse strains were collected at 12h and 24h post-infection with pneumococcal strain D39. The lists of differentially expressed genes were created by the comparison of infected versus PBS-treated animals and infected BALB/c versus infected CBA/Ca for each pneumococcal strain. The tested hypotheses were: 1) infection with S. pneumoniae will change the pulmonary transcriptomes of both mouse strains 2) The pulmonary gene expression will be specific for mouse strains and for the pneumococcal serotype and 3) The change in the pulmonary gene expression will associate with future clinical outcome of infection or with the type of observed inflammatory responses.
Project description:Overall design Hi-C experiments were performed on untreated wild type cells at stationary and drug-treated cells (Novobiocin) of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae MPN129. We studied the chromosome organization of the genome-reduced bacterium, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which has minimal genetic components and lacks several structural DNA-binding proteins. Platforms : Illumina HiSeq 2000 (Mycoplasma Pneumoniae MPN129)
Project description:<p><em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> is the primary cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia with rates of penicillin and multi-drug resistance exceeding 80% and 40%, respectively. The innate immune response generates a variety of antimicrobial agents to control infection including zinc stress. Here, we characterized the impact of zinc intoxication on <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, revealing disruptions in central carbon metabolism, lipid biogenesis and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Characterization of the pivotal peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzyme GlmU revealed an exquisite sensitivity to zinc inhibition. Disruption of the sole zinc efflux pathway, czcD, rendered <em>S. pneumonia</em>e highly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. To dysregulate zinc homeostasis in the wild-type strain, we investigated the safe-for-human use ionophore PBT2. PBT2 rendered wild-type <em>S. pneumoniae</em> strains sensitive to a range of antibiotics. Using an invasive ampicillin-resistant strain, we demonstrate in a murine pneumonia infection model the efficacy of PBT2+ampicillin treatment. These findings present a therapeutic modality to break resistance of drug-resistant <em>S. pneumoniae</em>.</p>