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Treg Cell TGF-β1 Regulates Distinct Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity

ABSTRACT: Treg Cell TGF-β1 Regulates Distinct Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity

PROVIDER: PRJNA666622 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12746738_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12746738_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12746739_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12746739_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12746740_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Treg Cell TGF-β1 Regulates Distinct Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity

Project description:The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and autoimmune responses remain unclear. We show that Treg cells in food allergy (FA) have decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-b1) due to IL-4 and STAT6-dependent inhibition of Tgfb1 transcription. These changes were modelled by Treg cell-specific Tgfb1 monoallelic inactivation, which induced allergic dysregulation by impairing microbiota-dependent ROR-gt+ Treg cell differentiation. This dysregulation was rescued by treatment with Clostridiales species, which upregulated Tgfb1 expression in Treg cells. Biallelic deficiency precipitated fatal autoimmunity, with intense autoantibody production and dysregulated T follicular helper and B cell responses. These results identify a privileged role for Treg cell-derived TGF-b1 in regulating allergy and autoimmunity at distinct checkpoints in a Tgfb1 gene dose and microbiota-dependent manner.

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Regulatory T Cell-Derived TGF-β1 Controls Multiple Checkpoints Governing Allergy and Autoimmunity.

Project description:The mechanisms by which regulatory T (Treg) cells differentially control allergic and autoimmune responses remain unclear. We show that Treg cells in food allergy (FA) had decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) because of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and signal transducer and activator of transciription-6 (STAT6)-dependent inhibition of Tgfb1 transcription. These changes were modeled by Treg cell-specific Tgfb1 monoallelic inactivation, which induced allergic dysregulation by impairing microbiota-dependent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt)+ Treg cell differentiation. This dysregulation was rescued by treatment with Clostridiales species, which upregulated Tgfb1 expression in Treg cells. Biallelic deficiency precipitated fatal autoimmunity with intense autoantibody production and dysregulated T follicular helper and B cell responses. These results identify a privileged role of Treg cell-derived TGF-β1 in regulating allergy and autoimmunity at distinct checkpoints in a Tgfb1 gene dose- and microbiota-dependent manner.

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PD-L1 AND ICOSL DISCRIMINATE HUMAN SECRETORY AND HELPER DENDRITIC CELLS IN CANCER, ALLERGY AND AUTOIMMUNITY

Project description:In this study, we define a novel phenotypic and functional dichotomy of human dendritic cells (DC), with strong relevance to cancer, allergy, and autoimmunity. Using 16 different stimuli in vitro (130 observations), we describe two states of human activated DC. PD-L1highICOSLlow Secretory DC produced large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but induced very low levels of T helper (Th) cytokines following DC-T co-culture; conversely PD-L1lowICOSLhigh Helper DC produced low levels of secreted factors but induced high levels and a broad range of Th cytokines. Secretory DC were aligned with mature migratory LAMP3+ DC in three different cancer types, atopic dermatitis, and lupus nephritis by single-cell transcriptomics. They were associated with T cell inflammation, overexpressed stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoints, acquired increased cell-cell communication, and were associated with good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and with response to checkpoint blockade in Melanoma. This functional dichotomy of DC has broad implications in inflammation and immunotherapy.

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Purine nucleoside phosphorylase enables dual metabolic checkpoints that prevent T cell immunodeficiency and TLR7-associated autoimmunity

Project description:Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enables the breakdown and recycling of guanine nucleosides. PNP insufficiency in humans is paradoxically associated with both immunodeficiency and autoimmunity, but the mechanistic basis for these outcomes is incompletely understood. Here we identify two immune lineage-dependent consequences of PNP inactivation dictated by distinct gene interactions. During T cell development, PNP inactivation is synthetically lethal with down-regulation of the dNTP triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1. This interaction requires deoxycytidine kinase activity and is antagonized by microenvironmental deoxycytidine. In B lymphocytes and macrophages, PNP regulates Toll like receptor 7 signaling by controlling the levels of its (deoxy)guanosine nucleoside ligands. Overriding this regulatory mechanism promotes germinal center formation in the absence of exogenous antigen and accelerates disease in a mouse model of autoimmunity. This work reveals that one purine metabolism gene protects against immunodeficiency and autoimmunity via independent mechanisms operating in distinct immune lineages and identifies PNP as a novel metabolic immune checkpoint.

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