Project description:The “cancerized field” concept posits that cells of a given tissue share a potentially oncogenic mutation or insult and are thus cancer-prone, yet only discreet clones within the field initiate tumor formation. In melanoma, tumors frequently (~50%) carry the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation that is also nearly always present in benign nevi that rarely become melanoma. The zebrafish crestin gene is expressed embryonically in neural crest progenitors and is then specifically re-expressed in melanoma tumors. Here, we show by live imaging transgenic zebrafish crestin reporters that single melanocytes in a cancerized field with oncogenic BRAFV600E and p53 tumor suppressor loss undergo a change that recapitulates the neural crest progenitor (NCP) state, and patches of these cells initiate early melanoma. The crestin element is regulated by the NCP transcription factor sox10. Forced sox10 overexpression in melanocytes accelerated melanoma formation, consistent with reprogramming to the NCP state and activation of super-enhancers that lead to melanoma. Our work highlights the importance of the reemergence of the NCP state as a barrier to melanoma initiation.
Project description:Cells were isolated from mouse embryonic neural crest stem cells at culture day 2 (NCSC), from day 7 in vitro differentiated progeny (NCP) and day 2 epidermal neural crest stem cells from bulge explants of adult whisker follicles (EPI-NCSC). Keywords: LongSAGE embryonic neural crest stem cells at culture day 2 (NCSC), from day 7 in vitro differentiated progeny (NCP) and day 2 epidermal neural crest stem cells from bulge explants of adult whisker follicles (EPI-NCSC).
Project description:Comparison of gene expression profiles of Caenorhabditis elegans fed a complex microbiota (either a synthetic community or in soil) or a standard Escherichia coli diet. We find that immune and digestion genes are up-regulated in C. elegans that were fed a complex microbiota.
Project description:The “cancerized field” concept posits that cells of a given tissue share a potentially oncogenic mutation or insult and are thus cancer-prone, yet only discreet clones within the field initiate tumor formation. In melanoma, tumors frequently (~50%) carry the oncogenic BRAFV600E mutation that is also nearly always present in benign nevi that rarely become melanoma. The zebrafish crestin gene is expressed embryonically in neural crest progenitors and is then specifically re-expressed in melanoma tumors. Here, we show by live imaging transgenic zebrafish crestin reporters that single melanocytes in a cancerized field with oncogenic BRAFV600E and p53 tumor suppressor loss undergo a change that recapitulates the neural crest progenitor (NCP) state, and patches of these cells initiate early melanoma. The crestin element is regulated by the NCP transcription factor sox10. Forced sox10 overexpression in melanocytes accelerated melanoma formation, consistent with reprogramming to the NCP state and activation of super-enhancers that lead to melanoma. Our work highlights the importance of the reemergence of the NCP state as a barrier to melanoma initiation.
Project description:Acididesulfobacillus acetoxydans is an acidophilic sulfate reducer that can dissimilatory reduce nitrate to ammonia (DNRA). However, no known nitrite reductase is encoded. This study was performed to investigate how A. acetoxydans reduces nitrate to nitrite and elucidated a novel DNRA mechanism and potential nitrosative stress resistance mechanisms in acidophiles.
Project description:This is a comparative experiments of three barley genotypes harbouring allelic differences at a locus designated QRMC-3HS putatively implicated in the assembly of the microbial communities thriving at the root-soil interface, the so called rhizosphere microbiota. The RNA-seq experiment aimed at identify genes differentially regulated among the genotypes at the locus of interest. As the selected genotypes host contrasting microbiotas, we hypothesised that differentially expressed genes at the locus represent primary candidates for the trait of interest (i.e., microbiota recruitment).