KMT2C Loss Promotes Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastasis through DNMT3A-mediated Epigenetic Reprogramming
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PROVIDER: PRJNA678734 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is notorious for its early and frequent metastases, which contribute to it as a recalcitrant malignancy. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying SCLC metastasis, we generated SCLC mouse models with orthotopically transplanted genome-edited lung organoids and performed multi-omics analyses. We found that loss of KMT2C, an H3K4 methyltransferase frequently mutated in extensive stage SCLC, promoted multiple-organ metastases in mice. Metastatic and KMT2C deficient SCLC displayed both histone and DNA hypomethylation. Mechanistically, KMT2C directly regulated the expression of DNMT3A, a de novo DNA methyltransferase, through histone methylation. Forced DNMT3A expression restrained metastasis of KMT2C deficient SCLC through repressing metastasis promoting MEIS/HOX genes. Further, S-(5’-Adenosyl)-L-methionine, the common cofactor of histone and DNA methyltransferases, inhibited SCLC metastasis. Thus, our study revealed a concerted epigenetic reprogramming of KMT2C and DNMT3A-mediated histone and DNA hypomethylation underlying SCLC metastasis, which suggested a new epigenetic therapeutic vulnerability.
2022-02-23 | GSE161570 | GEO
Project description:Frequent truncating mutations of the histone lysine N‑methyltransferase KMT2C have been detected by whole exome sequencing studies in various cancers, including malignancies of the prostate. However, the biological consequences of these alterations in prostate cancer have not yet been elucidated. To investigate the functional impact of these mutations we deleted the C-terminal catalytic core motif of KMT2C specifically in the prostate epithelium of mice. We show here that impaired KMT2C methyltransferase activity drives proliferation and, when combined with loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN, triggers metastatic dissemination and reduces life expectancy. In our model system and human prostate cancer samples we show that KMT2C-mutated tumours activate the proliferative MYC signalling axis and fail to express the oncogene-induced cell cycle repressor p16INK4A. In addition, we observe a striking reduction in disease-free survival of patients with KMT2C-mutated prostate cancer. Thus, we identify truncated KMT2C as a driver of aggressive prostate cancer.
2022-05-02 | GSE186413 | GEO
Project description:KMT2C and KMT2D are two of the most frequently mutated genes in bladder cancer and in histologically normal urothelium. In this study, we developed mouse models to investigate the molecular mechanism of Kmt2c/d loss in urothelial tumorigenesis.
2024-08-09 | GSE236370 | GEO
Project description:Genes encoding the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are subject to deletion and mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). We examined the functional and transcriptional consequences of loss of these methyltransferases in patients with PDAC. Patients with low KMT2C and KMT2D expression demonstrated a much-improved outcome compared with those expressing high levels. RNA-seq analysis of KMT2C or KMT2D loss in three cell lines (PANC1, SUIT2 and COLO357) identified 31 and 124 differentially expressed genes respectively, with 19 genes common to both methlytransferases. Gene set enrichment analysis, and correlation with publicly available patient gene expression (GEP) datasets, highlighted significant reductions in pathways relating to cell-cycle and cell growth, where gene expression correlated with KMT2C/D depletion. Furthermore, loss of Kmt2d in three murine cell lines increased sensitivity to the nucleoside analogue 5-fluorouracil (5FU). These experiments support critical, non-redundant, roles for KMT2D and KMT2C in PDAC, where depletion impacts cell-cycle to reduce cell proliferation, enhance response to specific chemotherapy, which may improve patient survival.
2016-07-09 | GSE75327 | GEO
Project description:Histone lysine methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are among the most commonly mutated genes in the highly metastatic TNBC subtype of breast cancer. However, it is not known if mutations of either of these genes similarly effect epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape or if a specific downstream target might influence metastases. Here, we generated heterogenous Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO murine TNBC cell lines side-by-side and performed in vivo metastases assay in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. Deficiency for either Kmt2c or Kmt2d, both, induced brain metastases from formerly non-metastatic cells. scRNAseq showed activation of pro-inflammatory pathways but conversely also increase of immune checkpoint blocking genes. Interestingly, histone mass spectrometry revealed changes of H3K27 but not the main substrate H3K4. However, ChIPseq for both, H3K4 and H3K27 modifications showed significant changes compared to wildtype cells. Strikingly, genome occupancy of H3K27me3 was reduced while H3K27 demethylase KDM6A was enriched on genomes of KO cells. Integration with gene expression data revealed significant correlations with histone and KDM6A ChIPseq, identifying them as a main driver of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO-specific gene regulation. Although our datasets revealed more unique than shared signatures, we found Mmp3 being a common target upon Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO. Indeed, downregulation of Mmp3 reversed induction of Kmt2c and Kmt2d KO-dependent brain metastases. Finally, we found that Kdm6a knockdown reduces Mmp3 levels, again, leading to reduction of brain metastases of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO cells.
2024-04-24 | GSE237390 | GEO
Project description:Histone lysine methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are among the most commonly mutated genes in the highly metastatic TNBC subtype of breast cancer. However, it is not known if mutations of either of these genes similarly effect epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape or if a specific downstream target might influence metastases. Here, we generated heterogenous Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO murine TNBC cell lines side-by-side and performed in vivo metastases assay in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. Deficiency for either Kmt2c or Kmt2d, both, induced brain metastases from formerly non-metastatic cells. scRNAseq showed activation of pro-inflammatory pathways but conversely also increase of immune checkpoint blocking genes. Interestingly, histone mass spectrometry revealed changes of H3K27 but not the main substrate H3K4. However, ChIPseq for both, H3K4 and H3K27 modifications showed significant changes compared to wildtype cells. Strikingly, genome occupancy of H3K27me3 was reduced while H3K27 demethylase KDM6A was enriched on genomes of KO cells. Integration with gene expression data revealed significant correlations with histone and KDM6A ChIPseq, identifying them as a main driver of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO-specific gene regulation. Although our datasets revealed more unique than shared signatures, we found Mmp3 being a common target upon Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO. Indeed, downregulation of Mmp3 reversed induction of Kmt2c and Kmt2d KO-dependent brain metastases. Finally, we found that Kdm6a knockdown reduces Mmp3 levels, again, leading to reduction of brain metastases of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO cells.
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Project description:Histone lysine methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are among the most commonly mutated genes in the highly metastatic TNBC subtype of breast cancer. However, it is not known if mutations of either of these genes similarly effect epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape or if a specific downstream target might influence metastases. Here, we generated heterogenous Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO murine TNBC cell lines side-by-side and performed in vivo metastases assay in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. Deficiency for either Kmt2c or Kmt2d, both, induced brain metastases from formerly non-metastatic cells. scRNAseq showed activation of pro-inflammatory pathways but conversely also increase of immune checkpoint blocking genes. Interestingly, histone mass spectrometry revealed changes of H3K27 but not the main substrate H3K4. However, ChIPseq for both, H3K4 and H3K27 modifications showed significant changes compared to wildtype cells. Strikingly, genome occupancy of H3K27me3 was reduced while H3K27 demethylase KDM6A was enriched on genomes of KO cells. Integration with gene expression data revealed significant correlations with histone and KDM6A ChIPseq, identifying them as a main driver of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO-specific gene regulation. Although our datasets revealed more unique than shared signatures, we found Mmp3 being a common target upon Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO. Indeed, downregulation of Mmp3 reversed induction of Kmt2c and Kmt2d KO-dependent brain metastases. Finally, we found that Kdm6a knockdown reduces Mmp3 levels, again, leading to reduction of brain metastases of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO cells.
2024-04-24 | GSE237287 | GEO
Project description:Histone lysine methyltransferases KMT2C and KMT2D are among the most commonly mutated genes in the highly metastatic TNBC subtype of breast cancer. However, it is not known if mutations of either of these genes similarly effect epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape or if a specific downstream target might influence metastases. Here, we generated heterogenous Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO murine TNBC cell lines side-by-side and performed in vivo metastases assay in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. Deficiency for either Kmt2c or Kmt2d, both, induced brain metastases from formerly non-metastatic cells. scRNAseq showed activation of pro-inflammatory pathways but conversely also increase of immune checkpoint blocking genes. Interestingly, histone mass spectrometry revealed changes of H3K27 but not the main substrate H3K4. However, ChIPseq for both, H3K4 and H3K27 modifications showed significant changes compared to wildtype cells. Strikingly, genome occupancy of H3K27me3 was reduced while H3K27 demethylase KDM6A was enriched on genomes of KO cells. Integration with gene expression data revealed significant correlations with histone and KDM6A ChIPseq, identifying them as a main driver of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO-specific gene regulation. Although our datasets revealed more unique than shared signatures, we found Mmp3 being a common target upon Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO. Indeed, downregulation of Mmp3 reversed induction of Kmt2c and Kmt2d KO-dependent brain metastases. Finally, we found that Kdm6a knockdown reduces Mmp3 levels, again, leading to reduction of brain metastases of Kmt2c or Kmt2d KO cells.
2024-05-07 | MSV000094701 | MassIVE
Project description:Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from somatic cells by the transduction of defined transcription factors and involves dynamic changes in DNA methylation. While the reprogramming of somatic cells is accompanied by de-methylation of pluripotency genes, the functional importance of de novo DNA methylation has not been clarified. Here, using loss-of-function studies, we generated iPSCs from fibroblasts that were deficient in de novo DNA methylation mediated by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. These iPSCs reactivated pluripotency genes, underwent self-renewal and showed restricted developmental potential which was rescued upon re-introduction of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. We conclude that de novo DNA methylation by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b is dispensable for nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells. RNA levels of Dnmt3ab deficient iPSC cell lines were compared to control iPSC cell lines
2011-05-16 | E-GEOD-28629 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:KMT2C methyltransferase domain regulated INK4A expression suppresses prostate cancer metastasis
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