Project description:Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are derived from the trophoectoderm of blastocysts and maintain ability to self-renewal and differentiation. TSC is a good model to research placenta development in vitro. It will contribute to understanding and improving cloned placentomegaly to compare the transcription and methylation between cloned and natural fertilized embryos throughout TSC derivation process. In the present study, we used SCNT (NT) and SCNT with HDACi treatment (SNT) as cloned groups and natural fertilized (NF) embryos to derive TSCs and chosed 5-time points to peform RNA-seq and RRBS. We found only NT got a barriar in TSC maintenace and both cloned groups exhited abnormal accumulating DNA methylation and it might be resiponsible for some malformations of cloned placentas.
Project description:Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are derived from the trophoectoderm of blastocysts and maintain ability to self-renewal and differentiation. TSC is a good model to research placenta development in vitro. It will contribute to understanding and improving cloned placentomegaly to compare the transcription and methylation between cloned and natural fertilized embryos throughout TSC derivation process. In the present study, we used SCNT (NT) and SCNT with HDACi treatment (SNT) as cloned groups and natural fertilized (NF) embryos to derive TSCs and chosed 5-time points to peform RNA-seq and RRBS. We found only NT got a barriar in TSC maintenace and both cloned groups exhited abnormal accumulating DNA methylation and it might be resiponsible for some malformations of cloned placentas.
Project description:Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are derived from the trophoectoderm of a blastocyst and can maintain self-renewal in vitro. Meanwhile, essential insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling placental developmental could be gained by using TSCs that can differentiate into the various placental trophoblast cell types in vitro. Esrrb is a transcription factor with pivotal roles in maintaining TSCs’ self-renewal, but the exact transcriptional networks that Esrrb involved in TSCs are largely unknown. In the present study, we elucidated the function of Esrrb during TSC self-renewal and differentiation. We demonstrate that precise levels of Essrb are critical for TSCs stemness maintenance and normal trophoblast differentiation, as Esrrb depletion results in down-regulation of the key TSC-specific transcription factors, consequently causing TSCs differentiation and forced expression of Esrrb can partially block TSCs differentiation in the absence of FGF4. This function of Esrrb is exerted by directly binding and activating a core set of TSC-specific target genes including Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Fgfr4 and BMP4. Furthermore, we investigate the role of Esrrb in reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced TSCs (iTSCs). We show that Esrrb can facilitate the conversion of iTSCs from MEFs. Moreover, Esrrb can substitute for Eomes during this conversion process. Our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Esrrb in maintaining TSCs self-renewal and iTSCs reprogramming.
Project description:Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are derived from the trophoectoderm of a blastocyst and can maintain self-renewal in vitro. Meanwhile, essential insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling placental developmental could be gained by using TSCs that can differentiate into the various placental trophoblast cell types in vitro. Esrrb is a transcription factor with pivotal roles in maintaining TSCs’ self-renewal, but the exact transcriptional networks that Esrrb involved in TSCs are largely unknown. In the present study, we elucidated the function of Esrrb during TSC self-renewal and differentiation. We demonstrate that precise levels of Essrb are critical for TSCs stemness maintenance and normal trophoblast differentiation, as Esrrb depletion results in down-regulation of the key TSC-specific transcription factors, consequently causing TSCs differentiation and forced expression of Esrrb can partially block TSCs differentiation in the absence of FGF4. This function of Esrrb is exerted by directly binding and activating a core set of TSC-specific target genes including Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Fgfr4 and BMP4. Furthermore, we investigate the role of Esrrb in reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced TSCs (iTSCs). We show that Esrrb can facilitate the conversion of iTSCs from MEFs. Moreover, Esrrb can substitute for Eomes during this conversion process. Our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Esrrb in maintaining TSCs self-renewal and iTSCs reprogramming.
Project description:Backgroud:Epigenetic modifications (especially altered DNA methylation) resulting in altered gene expression may be one reason for development failure or the abnormality of the cloned animals, but the underlying mechanism of the abnormal phenotype in the cloned piglets remains unrevealed. Some cloned piglets in our study showed abnormal phenotypes such as big tongue (longer and thicker), limp, and exomphalos, which is similar to the human BWS syndrome. Here we conducted DNA methylation (DNAm) immunoprecipitation binding high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues of cloned piglets to investigate the relationship of abnormal DNAm with gene dysregulation and the unusual phenotypes in cloned piglets. Results:Analysis of the methylomes revealed that abnormal cloned piglets suffered more hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) than hypermethylated DMRs compared to the normal cloned piglets. The DNAm level in the CpG Island was higher in the abnormal cloned piglets. Some repetitive elements, such as SINE/tRNA-Glu Satellite/centr also showed significant differences. Besides we detected 1,711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, of which 243 genes also changed methylation level in the abnormal cloned piglets. The altered DNA methylation mainly affected the low and silent expression genes. We also found some interesting pathways and genes, such as MAPK signalling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathway, TPM3 gene and the imprinted gene PLAGL1, which may played important roles in the abnormal phenotype development. Conclusions;The abnormal cloned piglets showed substantial change both in the DNAm and the gene expression levels. Our data may provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of the reprogramming of genetic information in cloned animals.
Project description:Backgroud:Epigenetic modifications (especially altered DNA methylation) resulting in altered gene expression may be one reason for development failure or the abnormality of the cloned animals, but the underlying mechanism of the abnormal phenotype in the cloned piglets remains unrevealed. Some cloned piglets in our study showed abnormal phenotypes such as big tongue (longer and thicker), limp, and exomphalos, which is similar to the human BWS syndrome. Here we conducted DNA methylation (DNAm) immunoprecipitation binding high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues of cloned piglets to investigate the relationship of abnormal DNAm with gene dysregulation and the unusual phenotypes in cloned piglets. Results:Analysis of the methylomes revealed that abnormal cloned piglets suffered more hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) than hypermethylated DMRs compared to the normal cloned piglets. The DNAm level in the CpG Island was higher in the abnormal cloned piglets. Some repetitive elements, such as SINE/tRNA-Glu Satellite/centr also showed significant differences. Besides we detected 1,711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, of which 243 genes also changed methylation level in the abnormal cloned piglets. The altered DNA methylation mainly affected the low and silent expression genes. We also found some interesting pathways and genes, such as MAPK signalling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathway, TPM3 gene and the imprinted gene PLAGL1, which may played important roles in the abnormal phenotype development. Conclusions;The abnormal cloned piglets showed substantial change both in the DNAm and the gene expression levels. Our data may provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of the reprogramming of genetic information in cloned animals.
Project description:Backgroud:Epigenetic modifications (especially altered DNA methylation) resulting in altered gene expression may be one reason for development failure or the abnormality of the cloned animals, but the underlying mechanism of the abnormal phenotype in the cloned piglets remains unrevealed. Some cloned piglets in our study showed abnormal phenotypes such as big tongue (longer and thicker), limp, and exomphalos, which is similar to the human BWS syndrome. Here we conducted DNA methylation (DNAm) immunoprecipitation binding high throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues of cloned piglets to investigate the relationship of abnormal DNAm with gene dysregulation and the unusual phenotypes in cloned piglets. Results:Analysis of the methylomes revealed that abnormal cloned piglets suffered more hypomethylated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) than hypermethylated DMRs compared to the normal cloned piglets. The DNAm level in the CpG Island was higher in the abnormal cloned piglets. Some repetitive elements, such as SINE/tRNA-Glu Satellite/centr also showed significant differences. Besides we detected 1,711 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, of which 243 genes also changed methylation level in the abnormal cloned piglets. The altered DNA methylation mainly affected the low and silent expression genes. We also found some interesting pathways and genes, such as MAPK signalling pathway, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy pathway, TPM3 gene and the imprinted gene PLAGL1, which may played important roles in the abnormal phenotype development. Conclusions;The abnormal cloned piglets showed substantial change both in the DNAm and the gene expression levels. Our data may provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of the reprogramming of genetic information in cloned animals. We dissected the biceps femoris muscle from the abnormal cloned piglets and the normal cloned piglets, and analyzed the difference of MeDIP-seq and RNA-seq between the two groups. This represents the RNA-Seq study only