Modeling sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in human brain organoids under serum exposure
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PROVIDER: PRJNA688885 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Although sporadic AD (sAD) accounts for the majority of AD cases, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we modeled sAD using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived three-dimensional brain organoids. We exposed brain organoids to serum to mimic the serum exposure consequence of BBB breakdown in AD patient brains. The serum-exposed brain organoids were able to recapitulate AD-like pathologies, including increased Aβ aggregates and p-Tau level, synaptic loss, and impaired calcium signaling and neural network. Serum exposure increased Aβ and p-Tau levels through inducing BACE and GSK3α/β levels, respectively. In addition, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of brain organoids revealed that serum exposure reduced synaptic function in both neurons and astrocytes, and induced immune response in astrocytes. The human brain organoid-based sAD model established in this study could provide a powerful platform for both mechanistic study and therapeutic development.
2021-09-29 | GSE164089 | GEO
Project description:Non-familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) occurring before 65 years of age is commonly referred to as early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and constitutes ~5-6% of all Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases. While EOAD exhibits the same clinicopathological changes such as amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), brain atrophy, and cognitive decline as observed in the more prevalent late-onset AD (LOAD), EOAD patients tend to have more severe cognitive deficits, including visuospatial, language, and motor dysfunction. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used to model and study penetrative, familial AD (FAD) mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, but have been seldom used for sporadic forms of AD that display more heterogeneous disease manifestation. In this study, we sought to characterize iPSC-derived neurons from EOAD patients via RNA-sequencing. A modest difference in expression profiles between EOAD patients and non-demented control subjects resulted in a limited number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on this analysis, we provide evidence that iPSC-derived neuron model systems, likely due to the loss of EOAD-associated epigenetic signatures during the iPSC reprogramming, are not an ideal model system to study sporadic AD.
2023-11-21 | GSE231341 | GEO
Project description:Recent advances in generating 3 dimensional (3D) organoid systems from stem cells offer new possibilities for disease modeling. In this study, we generate isogenic 3D midbrain organoids with or without a Parkinson’s disease-associated LRRK2 G2019S mutation. LRRK2-G2019S midbrain organoids derived from LRRK2 targeted human iPSCs in vitro have LRRK2-associated sporadic Parkinson's disease phenotypes. Midbrain-like 3D organoids expressing LRRK2-G2019S showed dynamic changes in globle gene expression.
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Project description:Modeling PD in midbrain-like organoids
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Project description:We generated cerebral organoids from genetically engineered human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), modeling the devastating WOREE syndrome (DEE28), as a prototype for genetic epileptic encephalopathies (EEs). Transcriptome analysis of mutated organoids compared to the WT revealed molecular changes related to both early infantile EEs and specifically to WOREE syndrome.
2021-07-01 | GSE156243 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Huge efforts have been made to develop anti-AD drugs in the past decades. However, all drug development programs for disease-modifying therapies have failed. Possible reasons for the high failure rate include incomplete understanding of complex pathophysiology of AD, especially sporadic AD (sAD), and species difference between humans and animal models used in preclinical studies. In this study, sAD is modeled using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived 3D brain organoids. Because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a well-known risk factor for AD, brain organoids are exposed to human serum to mimic the serum exposure consequence of BBB breakdown in AD patient brains. The serum-exposed brain organoids are able to recapitulate AD-like pathologies, including increased amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates and phosphorylated microtubule-associated tau protein (p-Tau) level, synaptic loss, and impaired neural network. Serum exposure increases Aβ and p-Tau levels through inducing beta-secretase 1 (BACE) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha / beta (GSK3α/β) levels, respectively. In addition, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of brain organoids reveals that serum exposure reduced synaptic function in both neurons and astrocytes and induced immune response in astrocytes. The human brain organoid-based sAD model established in this study can provide a powerful platform for both mechanistic study and therapeutic development in the future.
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Project description:Our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is currently limited by difficulties in obtaining live neurons from patients and the inability to model the sporadic form of AD. It may be possible to overcome these challenges by reprogramming primary cells from patients into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We reprogrammed primary fibroblasts from two patients with familial AD (both caused by a duplication of APP1, APPDp), two with sporadic AD (sAD1, 2) and two non-demented control individuals (NDCs) into iPSC lines. Neurons from differentiated cultures were FACS-purified and characterized. Purified cultures contained >90% neurons, clustered with fetal brain mRNA samples by microarray criteria, and could form functional synaptic contacts. Virtually all cells exhibited normal electrophysiological activity. Relative to controls, iPSC-derived, purified neurons from the two APPDp patients and patient sAD2 exhibited significantly higher levels of secreted Aβ1-40, phospho-tauThr231 (pTau) and active GSK3β (aGSK3β). Neurons from APPDp and sAD2 patients also accumulated large Rab5-positive early endosomes compared to controls. Treatment of purified neurons with β-secretase inhibitors, but not g-secretase inhibitors, caused significant reductions in pTau and aGSK3β levels. These results suggest a direct relationship between APP proteolytic processing, but not Aβ, in GSK3β activation and tau phosphorylation in human neurons. Additionally, we observed that neurons with the genome of one sAD patient exhibited the phenotypes seen in familial AD samples. More generally, we demonstrate that iPSC technology can be used to observe phenotypes relevant to AD, even though it can take decades for overt disease to manifest in patients. Total RNA extracted from normal hIPSCs, Alzheimer's patient derived hIPSCs, neurons differentiated from hIPSCs, fetal brain, fetal heart, fetal liver and fetal lung
2012-01-06 | E-GEOD-34879 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Modeling Genetic Epileptic Encephalopathies using Brain Organoids
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Project description:We set up a 3D model based on iPSCs derived from patients with familial forms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy non-demented control. We created cerebral organoids (COs), verified their ability to mimic AD in vitro, and used it to explore early events and the progression of AD pathogenesis. Our data reveal that despite similar expression of cell-type-specific genes during CO maturation in vitro, AD-iPSCs derived COs show limited tissue patterning and altered cellular development. These findings complement unique single-cell sequencing data of AD-iPSCs derived COs confirming this observation and uncovering that a sub-set of neurons in AD-iPSCs likely differentiates prematurely while at the same time retaining the expression of progenitor marker PAX6.
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