Project description:Beller, H. R., T. E. Letain, A. Chakicherla, S. R. Kane, T. C. Legler, and M. A. Coleman. 2006. Whole-genome transcriptional analysis of chemolithoautotrophic thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus denitrificans under aerobic vs. denitrifying conditions. Journal of Bacteriology 188:7005-7015. Thiobacillus denitrificans is one of the few known obligate chemolithoautotrophic bacteria capable of energetically coupling thiosulfate oxidation to denitrification as well as aerobic respiration. As very little is known about the differential expression of genes associated with key chemolithoautotrophic functions (such as sulfur-compound oxidation and CO2 fixation) under aerobic versus denitrifying conditions, we conducted whole-genome, cDNA microarray studies to explore this topic systematically. The microarrays identified 277 genes (approximately ten percent of the genome) as differentially expressed using Robust Multi-array Average statistical analysis and a 2-fold cutoff. Genes upregulated (ca. 6- to 150-fold) under aerobic conditions included a cluster of genes associated with iron acquisition (e.g., siderophore-related genes), a cluster of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase genes, cbbL and cbbS (encoding the large and small subunits of form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, or RubisCO), and multiple molecular chaperone genes. Genes upregulated (ca. 4- to 95-fold) under denitrifying conditions included nar, nir, and nor genes (associated respectively with nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and nitric oxide reductase, which catalyze successive steps of denitrification), cbbM (encoding form II RubisCO), and genes involved with sulfur-compound oxidation (including two physically separated but highly similar copies of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase and of dsrC, associated with dissimilatory sulfite reductase). Among genes associated with denitrification, relative expression levels (i.e., degree of upregulation with nitrate) tended to decrease in the order nar > nir > nor > nos. Reverse transcription, quantitative PCR analysis was used to validate these trends. Keywords: bacterial metabolism
2006-10-06 | GSE5256 | GEO
Project description:Dynamic composition of three efficient aerobic denitrifying bacteria communities
Project description:Roothans et al., analyzed heterotrophic denitrification processes that can be an important source of nitrous oxide. We employed planktonic nitrification-inhibited denitrifying enrichment cultures under alternating oxic-anoxic conditions. The dynamic conditions resulted in a general presence of the denitrifying enzymes. Overall, we show that aerobic denitrification should not be neglected as an ecologically relevant process. Contact author: m.laureni@tudelft.nl
Project description:The community composition (in terms of abundance, distribution and contribution of diverse clades) of bacteria involved in nitrogen transformations in the oxygen minimum zones may be related to the rates of fixed N loss in these systems. The abundance of both denirifying and anammox bacteria, and the assemblage composition of denitrifying bacteria were investigated in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific and the Arabian Sea using assays based on molecular markers for the two groups of bacteria. The abundance and distribution of bacteria associated with the fixed N removal processes denitrification and anammox were investigated using quantitative PCR for genes encoding nitrite reductase (nirK and nirS) in denitrifying bacteria and hydrazine oxidase(hzo) and 16S rRNA genesin anammox bacteria. All of these genes had depth distributions with maxima associated with the secondary nitrite maximum in low oxygen waters. NirS was mch more abundant than nirK, and much more abundant than the 16S rRNA gene from anammox bacteria. The ratio of hzo:16S rRNA for anammox was low and variable implying greater unexplored diversity in the the hzo gene. Assemblage composition of the abundant nirS-type denitrifiers was evaluated using a funcitonal gene microarray. Of the nirS archetypes represented on the microarray, very few occurred speficically in one region or depth interval, but the assemblages varied significantly. Community composition of denitrifiers based on microarray analysis of the nirS gene was most different between geographical regions. Within each region, the surface layer and OMZ assemblages clustered distinctly. Thus, in addition to spatial and temporal variation in denitrificaiton and anammox rates, both microbial abundance and community composition also vary between OMZ regions and depths.
2013-09-12 | GSE50787 | GEO
Project description:Enhanced autotrophic denitrifying performance by micro-aerobic condition
Project description:Mitigation of N2O-emissions from soils is needed to reduce climate forcing by food production. Inoculating soils with N2O-reducing bacteria would be effective, but costly and impractical as a standalone operation. Here we demonstrate that digestates obtained after biogas production may provide a low-cost and widely applicable solution. Firstly, we show that indigenous N2O-reducing bacteria in digestates grow to high levels during anaerobic enrichment under N2O. Gas kinetics and meta-omic analysis show that the N2O respiring organisms, recovered as metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) grow by harvesting fermentation intermediates of the methanogenic consortium. Three digestate-derived denitrifying bacteria were obtained through isolation, one of which matched the recovered MAG of a dominant Dechloromonas-affiliated N2O reducer. While the identified N2O-reducers encoded genes required for a full denitrification pathway and could thus both produce and sequester N2O, their regulatory traits predicted that they act as N2O-sinks in the current system. Secondly, moving towards practical application, we show that these isolates grow by aerobic respiration in digestates, and that fertilization with these enriched digestates reduces N2O emissions. This shows that the ongoing implementation of biogas production in agriculture opens a new avenue for cheap and effective reduction of N2O emissions from food production.
Project description:The anaerobic metabolism of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is important for growth and survival during persistent infections. The two Fnr-type transcription factors Anr and Dnr regulate different parts of the underlying network. Both are proposed to bind to a non-distinguishable DNA sequence named Anr box. The aim of this study was the identification of genes induced under anaerobic conditions in the P. aeruginosa wild type and identification of genes under control of the Anr or Dnr regulators. We performed three comparisons to identify genes induced under anaerobic denitrifying conditions in the P. aeruginosa wild type strain and genes which are under control of the Anr or Dnr regulators under these anaerobic conditions. Since the anr and dnr mutant strains do not grow under anaerobic denitrifying conditions, we applied anaerobic shift experiments. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was grown in a modified AB minimal medium, containing 25 µM FeSO4, 20 mM glucose and 50 mM NaNO3. The 200 ml aerobic cultures were grown in 1 l Erlenmeyer flasks at 37 oC and 300 rpm. The aerobic culture was grown to an OD578 of 0.3. For the aerobic culture, cells were harvested at this point. For the anaerobic shift experiments 130 ml of the respective aerobic culture were transferred to a 135 ml sealed serum flask. Control experiments verified that oxygen tension decreased within 3 - 5 min below the detection limit of an oxygen electrode. The cells were harvested after incubation for additional 2h under anaerobic conditions. Within these 2h incubation period no growth of the wild type, the anr mutant or the dnr mutant strain was observed. First comparison: Identification of genes induced or repressed under anaerobic conditions in the P. aeruginosa wild type PAO1. Here we compared the transcriptome profile of P. aeruginosa PAO1 grown under aerobic conditions up to an OD578 of 0.3 with the transcriptome profile of the PAO1 strain, which was first grown under aerobic conditions up to an OD578 of 0.3 and than shifted to anaerobic conditions by transfer to a sealed serum flask and further incubated for two hours under anaerobic conditions. Second comparison: Identification of genes regulated differently in the anr mutant strain PAO6261. Here we compared the transcriptome profile of the P. aeruginosa wild type PAO1 with the transcriptome profile of the P. aeruginosa anr mutant strain PAO6261. Both strains were harvested after 2h incubation under anaerobic conditions. Third comparison: Identification of genes regulated differently in the dnr mutant strain RM536. Here we compared the transcriptome profile of the P. aeruginosa wild type PAO1 with the transcriptome profile of the P. aeruginosa dnr mutant strain RM536. Both strains were harvested after 2h incubation under anaerobic conditions.
Project description:The community composition (in terms of abundance, distribution and contribution of diverse clades) of bacteria involved in nitrogen transformations in the oxygen minimum zones may be related to the rates of fixed N loss in these systems. The abundance of both denirifying and anammox bacteria, and the assemblage composition of denitrifying bacteria were investigated in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific and the Arabian Sea using assays based on molecular markers for the two groups of bacteria. The abundance and distribution of bacteria associated with the fixed N removal processes denitrification and anammox were investigated using quantitative PCR for genes encoding nitrite reductase (nirK and nirS) in denitrifying bacteria and hydrazine oxidase(hzo) and 16S rRNA genesin anammox bacteria. All of these genes had depth distributions with maxima associated with the secondary nitrite maximum in low oxygen waters. NirS was mch more abundant than nirK, and much more abundant than the 16S rRNA gene from anammox bacteria. The ratio of hzo:16S rRNA for anammox was low and variable implying greater unexplored diversity in the the hzo gene. Assemblage composition of the abundant nirS-type denitrifiers was evaluated using a funcitonal gene microarray. Of the nirS archetypes represented on the microarray, very few occurred speficically in one region or depth interval, but the assemblages varied significantly. Community composition of denitrifiers based on microarray analysis of the nirS gene was most different between geographical regions. Within each region, the surface layer and OMZ assemblages clustered distinctly. Thus, in addition to spatial and temporal variation in denitrificaiton and anammox rates, both microbial abundance and community composition also vary between OMZ regions and depths. Two color array (Cy3 and Cy5): the universal standard 20-mer oligo is printed to the slide with a 70-mer oligo (an archetype). Environmental DNA sequences (fluoresced with Cy3) within 15% of the 70-mer conjugated to a 20-mer oligo (fluoresced with Cy5) complementary to the universal standard will bind to the oligo probes on the array. Signal is the ratio of Cy3 to Cy5. Three replicate probes were printed for each archetype. Two replicate arrays were run on duplicate targets.