Project description:Greenhouse experiment testing the effects of Barley yellow dwarf virus on Avena sativa and the fate of isotopically labeled MAOM added to soil
Project description:Greenhouse experiment testing the effects of Barley yellow dwarf virus on Avena sativa and the fate of isotopically labeled MAOM added to soil
Project description:The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is a major agricultural pest of wheat, barley and oats, and is a major vector of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) leading to reductions in grain yield. RNA-seq data from a genotype (SA3) was generated from heads and bodies, and from winged and unwinged aphids. The primary goal was to generate evidence for genome annotation, and the secondary goal was to compare expression of genes between head and body, and also between winged and unwinged aphids.
Project description:<p><strong>INTRODUCTION:</strong> The aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. is a vector of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in wheat and other economically important cereal crops. Increased atmospheric CO2 has been shown to alter plant growth and metabolism, enhancing BYDV disease in wheat. However, the biochemical influences on aphid metabolism are not known.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> This work aims to determine whether altered host-plant quality, influenced by virus infection and elevated CO2, impacts aphid weight and metabolism.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> Untargeted 1H NMR metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistics were employed to profile the metabolism of R. padi reared on virus-infected and non-infected (sham-inoculated) wheat grown under ambient CO2 (aCO2, 400 µmol mol−1) and future, predicted elevated CO2 (eCO2, 650 µmol mol−1) concentrations. Un-colonised wheat was also profiled to observe changes to host-plant quality (i.e., amino acids and sugars).</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The direct impacts of virus or eCO2 were compared. Virus presence increased aphid weight under aCO2 but decreased weight under eCO2; whilst eCO2 increased non-viruliferous (sham) aphid weight but decreased viruliferous aphid weight. Discriminatory metabolites due to eCO2 were succinate and sucrose (in sham wheat), glucose, choline and betaine (in infected wheat), and threonine, lactate, alanine, GABA, glutamine, glutamate and asparagine (in aphids), irrespective of virus presence. Discriminatory metabolites due to virus presence were alanine, GABA, succinate and betaine (in wheat) and threonine and lactate (in aphids), irrespective of CO2 treatment.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> This study confirms that virus and eCO2 alter host-plant quality, and these differences are reflected by aphid weight and metabolism.</p>
2019-01-16 | MTBLS622 | MetaboLights
Project description:Deciphering the intra-host genetic diversity of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)
Project description:Millet is a dangerous weed in Hungary. Lack of seed dormancy helps it to spread easily and be present at maize, wheat and other crop fields. Our previous report revealed the possibility that millet can also play a role as a virus reservoir. In that study we detected the presence of several viruses in millet using DAS ELISA. Because serological methods can only detect the presence of the investigated particular pathogens, we suspected that other, previously unknown viruses can also be present in this weed. To investigate this theory, we randomly sampled two locations and collected millets showing stunting, chlorosis, and striped leaves and investigated the presence of viruses using small RNA HTS as a diagnostic method. Our result confirmed the widespread presence of wheat streak mosaic virus at both locations. Moreover, barley yellow striate mosaic virus and barley virus G were also identified, which have not been described from Hungary before. As these viruses can cause severe diseases on wheat, their presence on a weed mean a potential infection risk. Our study indicates that the presence of millets on the fields needs a special control in order to prevent emergence of new diseases at crop fields.
Project description:Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) is the causal agent of rice gall dwarf disease which causes severe loss of rice yield in Asia countries. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between symptom and host gene responses by RGDV infection.