Project description:Gene expression by RNAseq in murine germinal centers induced by SRBC in RagC T89N mice (YRT codes) and RNAseq in murine B220+ from VavVPBcl2/RagC S74C and VavVPBcl2/RagC +/+ lymphomas Follicular Lymphoma (FL) is an incurable B cell malignancy derived from germinal center (GC) B cells. The RRAGC gene, encoding a GTPase that links cellular nutrient sufficiency with the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is mutated in 15% of FL patients, but its impact in B cell functions and lymphomas is unexplored. Endogenous expression of Rragc mutant variants in B lymphocytes from novel knock-in strains of mice resulted in a partial insensitivity of mTORC1 to nutrient deprivation. A mild, but not a full-blown activation of the nutrient signaling pathway enhanced B cell activation and the GC response, suppressed apoptosis, and accelerated lymphomagenesis. Moreover, murine RRAGC mutant FL showed selective vulnerability to pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1. This moderate increase in nutrient signaling synergized with paracrine cues from the supportive T cell microenvironment that activate mTORC1 via the PI3K-Akt axis to promote B cell activation. Hence, RRAGC mutations sustained experimental GCs and murine and human FL in the presence of decreased T cell support. Moreover, mutations in RRAGC in human FLs are mutually-exclusive with mutations that result in increased abundance of T helper cells, consistent with functional redundancy between those pathways. Taken together, our results support a model in which activating mutations in the nutrient signaling pathway foster lymphomagenesis by corrupting a nutrient-dependent control of mTORC1-activating paracrine signals from the T cell microenvironment
Project description:Gene expression by RNAseq in murine germinal center B cells induced by SRBC in RagC S74C mice Follicular Lymphoma (FL) is an incurable B cell malignancy derived from germinal center (GC) B cells. The RRAGC gene, encoding a GTPase that links cellular nutrient sufficiency with the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is mutated in 15% of FL patients, but its impact in B cell functions and lymphomas is unexplored. Endogenous expression of Rragc mutant variants in B lymphocytes from novel knock-in strains of mice resulted in a partial insensitivity of mTORC1 to nutrient deprivation. A mild, but not a full-blown activation of the nutrient signaling pathway enhanced B cell activation and the GC response, suppressed apoptosis, and accelerated lymphomagenesis. Moreover, murine RRAGC mutant FL showed selective vulnerability to pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1. This moderate increase in nutrient signaling synergized with paracrine cues from the supportive T cell microenvironment that activate mTORC1 via the PI3K-Akt axis to promote B cell activation. Hence, RRAGC mutations sustained experimental GCs and murine and human FL in the presence of decreased T cell support. Moreover, mutations in RRAGC in human FLs are mutually-exclusive with mutations that result in increased abundance of T helper cells, consistent with functional redundancy between those pathways. Taken together, our results support a model in which activating mutations in the nutrient signaling pathway foster lymphomagenesis by corrupting a nutrient-dependent control of mTORC1-activating paracrine signals from the T cell microenvironment
Project description:Selection of B cells subjected to hypermutation in germinal centres (GC) during T-dependent (TD) antibody responses yields memory cells and long-lived plasma cells that produce high affinity antibodies biased to foreign antigens rather than self-antigens. GC also form in T-independent (TI) responses to polysaccharide antigens but failed selection results in GC involution and memory cells are not generated. To date there are no markers that allow phenotypic distinction of T-dependent and T-independent germinal centre B cells. We have now compared the global gene expression of GC B cells purified from mice immunized with either TD or TI antigens and identified eighty genes that are differentially expressed in TD GC. Keywords: T-dependent and T-independent germinal center B cells
Project description:We measured the gene expression differences in germinal centre B cells from day 13 Trichuris muris-infected mice in which MLL1 is conditionally deleted in mature B cells