The ZMM protein Zip4 directly couples meiotic crossover formation to synaptonemal complex assembly
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PROVIDER: PRJNA736870 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Meiotic crossover recombination is triggered by the formation of programmed double strand breaks (DSBs) catalyzed by the conserved Spo11 protein. Only a subset of these DSBs are repaired as crossovers, promoted by a group of eight evolutionarily conserved proteins, named ZMM. The synaptonemal complex (SC) that assembles between homologous chromosomes is composed of two axial elements, from which chromatin loops emanate, held together by a central region, composed of the central element and a transverse filament protein. In budding yeast, crossover formation is functionally linked to the formation of the SC, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we found that the SC central element protein, Ecm11, mainly localizes on both DSB sites and sites that attach chromatin loops to the chromosome axis, in a way that strictly requires the ZMM protein Zip4. We further show that Zip4 directly interacts with Ecm11 and that point mutants that specifically abolish the Zip4-Ecm11 interaction loose Ecm11 binding to chromosomes and exhibit defective SC assembly. Interestingly, SC assembly can be partially rescued by artificially tethering interaction-defective Ecm11 to Zip4. This direct connection that ensures SC assembly from CO sites could be a way for the meiotic cell to shut down further DSB formation once enough recombination sites have been selected for crossovers, thereby preventing excess crossovers. Finally, we found that the mammalian ortholog of Zip4, TEX11, interacts with the SC central element TEX12, raising the possibility that this may be a general mechanism.
2021-09-01 | GSE177033 | GEO
Project description:Meiotic recombination is triggered by programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs), a subset of these being repaired as crossovers, promoted by eight evolutionarily conserved proteins, named ZMM. Crossover formation is functionally linked to synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly between homologous chromosomes, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that Ecm11, a SC central element protein, localizes on both DSB sites and sites that attach chromatin loops to the chromosome axis, which are the starting points of SC formation, in a way that strictly requires the ZMM protein Zip4. Furthermore, Zip4 directly interacts with Ecm11, and point mutants that specifically abolish this interaction lose Ecm11 binding to chromosomes and exhibit defective SC assembly. This can be partially rescued by artificially tethering interaction-defective Ecm11 to Zip4. Mechanistically, this direct connection ensuring SC assembly from CO sites could be a way for the meiotic cell to shut down further DSB formation once enough recombination sites have been selected for crossovers, thereby preventing excess crossovers. Finally, the mammalian ortholog of Zip4, TEX11, also interacts with the SC central element TEX12, suggesting a general mechanism.
| S-EPMC8763056 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Meiotic crossover formation requires the stabilization of early recombination intermediates by a set of proteins and occurs within the environment of the chromosome axis, a structure important for the regulation of meiotic recombination events. The molecular mechanisms underlying and connecting crossover recombination and axis localization are elusive. Here, we identified the ZZS (Zip2–Zip4–Spo16) complex, required for crossover formation, which carries two distinct activities: one provided by Zip4, which acts as hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and the crossover machinery, and the other carried by Zip2 and Spo16, which preferentially bind branched DNA molecules in vitro. We found that Zip2 and Spo16 share structural similarities to the structure-specific XPF–ERCC1 nuclease, although it lacks endonuclease activity. The XPF domain of Zip2 is required for crossover formation, suggesting that, together with Spo16, it has a noncatalytic DNA recognition function. Our results suggest that the ZZS complex shepherds recombination intermediates toward crossovers as a dynamic structural module that connects recombination events to the chromosome axis. The identification of the ZZS complex improves our understanding of the various activities required for crossover implementation and is likely applicable to other organisms, including mammals.
2018-02-14 | GSE103877 | GEO
Project description:Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination and their subsequent repair culminates in crossover (CO) formation. COs result from the asymmetric cleavage of double-Holliday junction (dHJ) intermediates, that requires the MutLγ endonuclease and a non-catalytic function of Exo1, an activity essential for fertility but at risk of generating unwanted chromosome rearrangements. Here we show how crossover formation by MutLγ is activated at the right time and at the right place. MutLγ forms a constitutive complex with Exo1, and in meiotic cells transiently contacts the upstream MutSγ (Msh4-Msh5) heterodimer. MutLγ associates with DSB hotspots only once recombination intermediates have been stabilized and engaged in the crossover repair pathway. MutLγ-Exo1 is recruited to DSB hotspots independently of the polo-like Cdc5 kinase, but to activate dHJ resolution, Cdc5 is recruited to the recombination intermediates and interacts individually with both MutLγ and Exo1, suggesting their direct modification. in vivo, MutLγ occupancy is restrained on recombination intermediates, and MutLγ associates with the vast majority of DSB hotspots, but at a lower frequency in centromeres, consistent with a strategy to reduce at-risk crossover events in these regions, and in late replicating regions. Our data highlight the tight temporal and spatial control of the activity of this constitutive, potentially harmful, nuclease.
2020-01-15 | GSE133108 | GEO
Project description:Programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination and their subsequent repair culminates in crossover (CO) formation. COs result from the asymmetric cleavage of double-Holliday junction (dHJ) intermediates, that requires the MutLγ complex together with a non-catalytic function of Exo1, an activity essential for fertility but at risk of generating unwanted chromosome rearrangements. Here we show how crossover formation by MutLγ is activated at the right time and at the right place. MutLγ forms a constitutive complex with Exo1, and in meiotic cells transiently contacts the upstream MutSγ (Msh4-Msh5) heterodimer. MutLγ associates with DSB hotspots at a late step in the recombinational repair, once recombination intermediates have been stabilized and engaged in the crossover repair pathway. MutLγ-Exo1 is recruited to DSB hotspots independently of the polo-like Cdc5 kinase, but to activate dHJ resolution, Cdc5 is recruited to the recombination intermediates and interacts individually with both MutLγ and Exo1, suggesting their direct modification. in vivo, MutLγ occupancy is restrained on recombination intermediates, and genome-wide, MutLγ associates with the vast majority of DSB hotspots, but at a lower frequency in centromeres, consistent with a strategy to reduce at-risk crossover events in these regions, and in late replicating regions. Our data highlight the highly temporally and spatially control of the activity of this constitutive, potentially harmful, nuclease
2019-12-01 | GSE132850 | GEO
Project description:Meiotic crossover landscape within RAC1 disease resistance gene
| PRJEB24064 | ENA
Project description:Using microarrays to genotype the parental origin of progeny resulting from a cross between S96 and YJM789 yeast strains, we mapped the distribution of crossovers that occurred during meiosis. Knowledge of the crossover distribution allowed us to assess changes in crossover control in wild type and mutant strains. The S96 strain is a S288 derivative and thus its DNA sequence has high homology to the oligo sequences used to create the S98 Affymetrix Gene chip. The YJM789 strain is ~ 0.6% divergent from S288. Keywords: wild type and mutant analysis
2008-09-16 | GSE12170 | GEO
Project description:Meiotic crossover (CO) recombination is a process in which programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) around hotspots are repaired by homologous chromosomes (homologs), and thus exchanges DNA molecules between two homologs. CO is critical for most sexually-reproducing organisms because it promotes accurate chromosome segregation and creates genetic diversity. Therefore, faithful accomplishment of CO formation must be ensured, but the bases of the regulation are not fully understood. Our previous study using fission yeast has revealed that mutants lacking the conserved histone H2A.Z are defective in DSB formation but maintain CO frequency at three loci tested. Here, we tested five additional sites to show that H2A.Z-lacking cells exhibit normal and increased CO frequency at two and three loci, respectively. Detailed interrogation on one of the intervals revealed that CO increase in the mutant would be genetically separable from DSB reduction, and regulated at least partly at the recombination intermediate level. In addition, through genetic analyses of model regions containing a hotspot flanked by two markers as well as genome-wide analyses, we propose that, in the absence of H2A.Z, CO arose from non-hotspot DSBs may compensate for DSB reduction at hotspots. These observations provide clues to further our understanding on CO control.
2021-12-21 | GSE124293 | GEO
Project description:Meiotic crossover hotspots and coldspots within Arabidopsis disease resistance genes
| PRJEB13042 | ENA
Project description:Interference exists ubiquitously in many biological processes. Crossover interference patterns meiotic crossovers, which are required for faithful chromosome segregation and evolutionary adaption. However, what the interference signal is and how it is generated and regulated are unknown. We show that yeast top2 alleles cannot bind or cleave DNA accumulate a higher level of negative supercoils and show weaker interference. However, top2 alleles cannot religate the cleaved DNA or release the religated DNA accumulate less negative supercoils and show stronger interference. Moreover, the level of negative supercoils is negatively correlated with crossover interference strength in various strains. Furthermore, negative supercoils preferentially enrich at crossover-associated Zip3 regions before the formation of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks, and regions with more negative supercoils tend to have more Zip3. Additionally, the strength of crossover interference and homeostasis change coordinately in mutants. These findings suggest that the accumulation and relief of negative supercoils pattern meiotic crossovers.
2022-08-24 | GSE201366 | GEO