Why some rainbow trout genotypes grow better with a complete plant-based diet? A transcriptomic and physiological analyses on three isogenic lines
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PROVIDER: PRJNA744522 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:We have investigated the mechanisms behind the response to a plant based diet over a long term period by comparing the transcriptome of 3 isogenic lines (R23h, AB1h, A22h) of rainbow trout. These families represent an interesting genetic materiel to work on as they have similar responses when fed marine based-diet (M diet) but highly different responses when fed a plant-based diet (V diet). Fish were fed since 1st feeding with either a plant-based diet, or a marine diet (ad libitum (M diet) or restricted (MR)). We showed that differences in the ability to grow with the V diet observed amongst genotypes was not due to higher feed intake, but to higher feed efficiencies. The comparison of transcriptome profiles revealed 575, 1770 and 2973 probes differentially expressed amongst the three genotypes when fed the V diet. Interestingly, genotypes which were the less affected by the V diet had exhibited the highest growth. These results demonstrated that those fish were able to maintain energy production and protein synthesis. Moreover, those genotypes were also able to activate pathways linked to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, such as the biosynthesis of omega 3 LC-PUFA. Finally, as it has already been demonstrated, immunity seems also to play an important role in the ability of fish to use the V diet, and further investigations are needed to understand by which ways immunity interacts with growth.
2021-08-16 | GSE179672 | GEO
Project description:Within the context of a growing aquaculture production coupled with a plateau of the production in the main components of aquafeeds (fish oil and fishmeal), recent studies have typically focused on replacing these feedstuffs with terrestrial plant ingredients for cultured carnivorous aquatic species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Substitution rates without adverse effects have, however, reached their limit. One potential way forward would be to take advantage of the genetic variability that exists in the salmonid population. However, to date, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for this genetic variability. The aim of the present research was to understand why some genotypes are better able to utilize plant-based diets devoid of marine resources. In this regard, three isogenic lines of rainbow trout (R23h, AB1h, and A22h), with similar growth when fed marine resources-based diets and which differ greatly in their responses to a plant-based diet, were fed with either a complete plant-based diet (V diet) or a marine resources-based diet (M diet) since first-feeding. Fish traits and the hepatic transcriptome of these three genotypes were compared after 5 months of feeding. First, differences in the ability to grow with the V diet observed amongst genotypes was not due to higher feed intake, but instead due to differences in feed efficiency. The comparison of transcriptome profiles revealed 575 (R23h vs. AB1h), 1,770 (R23h vs. A22h), and 2,973 (AB1h vs. A22h) probes differentially expressed amongst the three genotypes when fed the V diet. Interestingly, R23h and AB1h fish, which were the least affected by the V diet, exhibited the highest growth. These results demonstrate that these fish were able to maintain a high level of energy production and protein synthesis. Moreover, these genotypes were also able to activate pathways linked to lipid and cholesterol metabolisms, such as the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, as previously, immunity seems to also play an important role in the ability of fish to use the V diet, and further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms by which immunity interacts with growth.
| S-EPMC8440921 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We investigate mechanisms behind the response to a plant based diet at short term, by analyzing the transcriptome of 3 isogenic lines of rainbow trout (R23, AB1, A22). These families represent an interesting genetic material to work on as they have similar responses when fed marine based-diet (M diet) but highly different responses when fed a plant-based diet (V diet). Transcriptomic analyses of whole fry revealed 1740, 1834 and 246 probes differentially expressed among the three isogenic lines. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed different enriched pathways. Among them, some were related to immunity and perception. Among ontologies related to metabolism only the methionine metabolism pathway was found to be significantly enriched. First, the use of these isogenic lines of rainbow trout led to find new pathways related to plant-based diets utilization which had not been described previously. Secondly, difference in expression of genes related to immunity suggest that this function play an important role but specific effect on immune status was difficult to assess, and further investigations are needed. Finally, results suggested that mechanisms underlying the use of plant-based diets is more linked to feed intake rather than to metabolism. Research on plants components affecting feed intake should be further explored to continue to improve feed formulation and reduce the reliance of aquaculture on marine resources without affecting fish performance.
2018-09-21 | GSE92673 | GEO
Project description:Rainbow trout myotubes treated with cortisol and/or infected with Piscirickettsia salmonis - Raw sequence reads
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Project description:Rainbow trout skeletal muscle challenging with IPNV - Raw sequence reads
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Project description:Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is recognized as a typical "glucose-intolerant" fish, and the limits of dietary carbohydrate utilization have been investigated for many years. In this study, the objective was to test the molecular effects of dietary carbohydrates on intermediary metabolism in two major metabolic tissues, liver and muscle. Another objective was also to study if the response to carbohydrate intake depended on the genetic background. We fed two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A22h and N38h) with high carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 22.9%) or low carbohydrate diet (carbohydrate, 3.6%) for 12 weeks. Carbohydrates were associated with higher feed utilization owned by the well-known protein-sparing effect, with better fish growth performance. However, atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver and absence of hk and glut4 induction in muscle, were also observed. Regarding the effects of carbohydrates on other metabolism, we observed an increased, at a molecular level, of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Genetic variability (revealed by the differences between the two isogenic lines) was observed for some metabolic genes especially for those involved in the EPA and DHA biosynthetic capacity. Finally, our study demonstrates that dietary carbohydrate not only affect glucose metabolism but also strongly impact the lipid and energy metabolism in liver and muscle of trout.
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Project description:The composition of feed for farmed salmonids has strongly evolved during the last decades due to the substitution of fishery-derived fish oil and fishmeal by ingredients of plant origin. Little information is available regarding the effects of this transition on adaptive capacities in fish. Two rainbow trout isogenic lines, known for their divergent ability to grow on a plant-based diet (PBD), were fed for seven months from first feeding either a fully PBD or a control marine-resources diet and were compared for their growing and survival capacities over time and their behavioral and stress responses at similar sizes but different ages. Although fish displayed similar appetitive behaviour, the two lines were highly affected by the PBD translated in decreased growth and apathetic behaviour, but also stronger stress responses displayed by stronger cortisol increases and more stress-related behaviour when isolated. The two lines were found to be similarly sensitive to a PBD for the assessed stress-related parameters, but one line displayed a lower survival during the early rearing period. Overall, these results suggest that a PBD supplied to fish from the alevin stage has strong effects on physiological and behavioural parameters, with possible impairment of fish welfare, but also genome-dependent survival.
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Project description:Two genotypes of the intestinal parasite Ceratonova shasta infect Oncorhynchus mykiss: genotype 0 results in a chronic infection with low mortality while genotype IIR causes disease with high mortality. We determined parasite load and the relative expression of six immune factors (IgT, IgM, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNG) in fish infected with either genotype over 29 days post-exposure. In genotype IIR infections the host responded with upregulation of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. In contrast, genotype 0 infection did not elicit an inflammatory response and expression of IFNG and IL-10 was lower. Antibody expression was upregulated in both infections but appeared to have limited efficacy in the virulent genotype IIR infections. Histologically, in genotype 0 infections the parasite migrated through the tissue layers causing inflammation but minimal damage to the mucosal epithelium, which contrasts with the severe pathology found in genotype IIR infections.
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Project description:All teleost fish produce ammonia as a metabolic waste product. In embryos, ammonia excretion is limited by the chorion, and fish must detoxify ammonia by synthesizing urea via the ornithine urea cycle (OUC). Although urea is produced by embryos and larvae, urea excretion (J(urea)) is typically low until yolk sac absorption, increasing thereafter. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and molecular characteristics of J(urea) by posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Following hatch, whole body urea concentration decreased over time, while J(urea) increased following yolk sac absorption. From 12 to 40 days posthatch (dph), extra-branchial routes of excretion accounted for the majority of J(urea), while the gills became the dominant site for J(urea) only after 55 dph. This represents the most delayed branchial ontogeny of any process studied to date. Urea transporter (UT) gene expression in the gills and skin increased over development, consistent with increases in branchial and extra-branchial J(urea). Following exposure to 25 mmol/l urea, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of exogenous urea was much greater at 55 dph than 12 dph, consistent with increased UT expression. Notably, UT gene expression in the gills of 55 dph larvae increased in response to high urea. In summary, there is a clear increase in urea transport capacity over posthatch development, despite a decrease in OUC activity.
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