Project description:Climate change forecasts increase the susceptibility of forest due to longer drier seasons. The adaptive management protocols have highlighted the reduction of the forest densification to improve their vulnerability to extreme climate events (i.g. drought). One of this sensitive woody species to climate change is the Abies pinsapo, a relic conifer tree endemic from the southern Spain. Previous works have shown changes in their trends because of the climate change action, being carried out experimental thinning management in their lowest distribution limit, in Sierra de las Nieves Natural Park (Malaga). Our objective is to evaluate the water improvements of thinned trees in terms of light availability by means of a shading treatment in those thinned trees. To do that we have evaluated the synergic effect of ecophysiology, metabolomics and transcriptomics in control, thinning and thinning+shading plots in wet and dry seasons for two years. The results showed strong differences between summer and spring seasons at the three studied levels. The water deficit shows a greater influence than light exposure in the ecophysiology and metabolomics tree response. And the transcriptomics suggested an improvement of thinned trees when light exposure was reduced. Our results support the necessity of adaptive forest management in order to improve the conservation status of A. pinsapo forest. The combination of different levels of tree response is paramount to understand and predict the tree physiology under water and light stress conditions.
Project description:Adult male grass shrimp were exposed for 96 hours to LC50 concentrations of either Fipronil, Endosulfan, or Cadmium, as well as a Carrier Control exposure. RNA was extracted from whole-body homogenates using the RNABee kit. Tags were clustered to identify tags diagnostic of the different exposures. Keywords: SAGE, Grass shrimp, ecotoxicogenomics
Project description:Deadwood plays a crucial role in forest ecosystems, but we have limited information about the specific fungal taxa and extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes that are actively involved in the decomposition process in situ. To investigate this, we studied the fungal metaproteome of twelve deadwood tree species in a replicated, eight-year experiment. Key fungi observed included genera of white-rot fungi (Basidiomycota, e.g. Armillaria, Hypholoma, Mycena, Ischnoderma, Resinicium), brown-rot fungi (Basidiomycota, e.g. Fomitopsis, Antrodia), diverse Ascomycota including xylariacous soft-rot fungi (e.g. Xylaria, Annulohypoxylon, Nemania) and various wood-associated endophytes and saprotrophs (Ascocoryne, Trichoderma, Talaromyces). These fungi used a whole range of extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes, such as peroxidases, peroxide-producing enzymes, laccases, cellulases, glucosidases, hemicellulases (xylanases) and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). Both the fungi and enzymes were tree-specific, with specialists and generalists being distinguished by network analysis. The extracellular enzymatic system was highly redundant, with many enzyme classes of different origins present simultaneously in all decaying logs. Strong correlations were found between peroxide-producing enzymes (oxidases) and peroxidases as well as LPMOs, and between ligninolytic, cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. The overall protein abundance of lignocellulolytic enzymes was reduced by up to -30% in gymnosperm logs compared to angiosperm logs, and gymnosperms lacked ascomycetous enzymes, which may have contributed to the lower decomposition of gymnosperm wood. In summary, we have obtained a comprehensive and detailed insight into the enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi in several temperate forest tree species, which can help to improve our understanding of the complex ecological processes in forest ecosystems.
Project description:Adult male grass shrimp were exposed for 96 hours to LC50 concentrations of either Fipronil, Endosulfan, or Cadmium, as well as a Carrier Control exposure. RNA was extracted from whole-body homogenates using the RNABee kit. Tags were clustered to identify tags diagnostic of the different exposures. Keywords: SAGE, Grass shrimp, ecotoxicogenomics 3 randomly selected shrimp were pooled for each library. Libraries were constructed using the I-SAGE long kit from Invitrogen.
Project description:This study explored the transcriptomic response of couch grass rhizome meristhematic region exposed to mild, medium and severe drought. The couch grass stress response was compared with the response of two contrasting barley cultivars and the specificities and commonalities in transcriptomic stress response of both species were identified.
Project description:The genus Flaveria has been extensively used as a model to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis as it contains both C3 and C4 species as well as a number of species that exhibit intermediate types of photosynthesis. The current phylogenetic tree of the Flaveria genus contains 21 of the 23 known Flaveria species and has been constructed using a combination of morphologicial data and three non-coding DNA sequences (nuclear encoded ETS, ITS and chloroplast encoded trnl-F). However, recent studies have suggested that phylogenetic trees inferred using a small number of molecular sequences may often be incorrect. Moreover, studies in other genera have often shown substantial differences between trees inferred using morphological data and those using molecular sequence. To provide new insight into the phylogeny of the genus Flaveria we utilize RNA-Seq data to construct a multi-gene concatenated phylogenetic tree of 17 Flaveria species. Furthermore, we use this new data to identify 14 C4 specific non-synonymous mutation sites, 12 of which (86%) can be independently verified by public sequence data. We propose that the data collection method provided in this study can be used as a generic method for facilitating phylogenetic tree reconstruction in the absence of reference genomes for the target species. 18 Flaveria sample including 11 species are sequenced, other three samples were also sequenced as out-group. In all, 21 samples.
Project description:Effect of High Temperature on Immune Response of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by Transcriptome Analysis To understand the immune response mechanisms of this fish in high temperature circumstance, the transcriptomic profiles of the spleens from grass carp groups undergoing heat stress and normal temperature were investigated.
Project description:Resistance to herbicides in weeds can be due to alteration(s) in the gene encoding the herbicide target site, or to herbicide degradation via a deviation in plant general metabolism. If target-site-based resistance is easy to study, the multigenic control of metabolism-based resistance renders it much more complex to study. Metabolism-based resistance to herbicides represents the major part of herbicide resistance in black-grass. Its most likely basis is an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes degrading herbicides. We thus seek to identify such overexpressed genes by comparing the transcriptomes of resistant and sensitive black-grass individuals belonging to an F2 line segregating for two resistance genes. Given there are no genomic tools developed for black-grass, this approach will use heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat Affymetrix microarray. Comparison using heterologous hybridisation onto a wheat whole-genome microarray of transcriptome of three pools of black-grass plants obtained 2h30 after herbicide spraying at field rate. The three pools correspond to: · Sensitive plants (killed by herbicide). · Moderately resistant plants (growth impaired by herbicide but plants still alive) · Resistant plants (growth unimpaired by herbicide)
Project description:The genus Flaveria has been extensively used as a model to study the evolution of C4 photosynthesis as it contains both C3 and C4 species as well as a number of species that exhibit intermediate types of photosynthesis. The current phylogenetic tree of the Flaveria genus contains 21 of the 23 known Flaveria species and has been constructed using a combination of morphologicial data and three non-coding DNA sequences (nuclear encoded ETS, ITS and chloroplast encoded trnl-F). However, recent studies have suggested that phylogenetic trees inferred using a small number of molecular sequences may often be incorrect. Moreover, studies in other genera have often shown substantial differences between trees inferred using morphological data and those using molecular sequence. To provide new insight into the phylogeny of the genus Flaveria we utilize RNA-Seq data to construct a multi-gene concatenated phylogenetic tree of 17 Flaveria species. Furthermore, we use this new data to identify 14 C4 specific non-synonymous mutation sites, 12 of which (86%) can be independently verified by public sequence data. We propose that the data collection method provided in this study can be used as a generic method for facilitating phylogenetic tree reconstruction in the absence of reference genomes for the target species.