Project description:The rumen harbors a complex mixture of archaea, bacteria, protozoa and fungi that efficiently breakdown plant biomass and its complex dietary carbohydrates into soluble sugars that can be fermented and subsequently converted into metabolites and nutrients utilized by the host animal. While rumen bacteria populations have been well documented, only a fraction of the rumen eukarya are taxonomically and functionally characterized, despite the recognition that they contribute to the cellulolytic phenotype of the rumen fauna. To investigate how anaerobic fungi actively engage in digestion of recalcitrant fiber that is resistant to the initial stages of rumination, we resolved genome-centric metaproteome and metatranscriptome datasets generated from switchgrass samples incubated in nylon bags within the rumen of cannulated dairy cows for 48 hours.
Project description:Interventions: ntestinal polyp gruop and colorectal cancer gruop:Nil
Primary outcome(s): bacteria;fungi;archaea;virus
Study Design: Factorial
Project description:<p>From an animal production and health perspective, our understanding of the metabolites in ruminant biofluids, particularly rumen fluid across different host species is poorly understood. Metabolomics is a powerful and sensitive approach for investigating low molecular weight metabolite profiles present in rumen biofluids. It can be used to identify potential roles of metabolites in the rumen microbiome and provide and understanding of host-level regulatory mechanisms associated with animal production. The rumen is a strictly anaerobic environment enriched with a complex community of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea and bacteriophages. Here, we present a metabolomic dataset generated using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and semi-polar (C18) chromatography methods coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (MS), collected in both positive and negative ionization modes, of ovine rumen samples that were fractionated based on molecular weight (20 kDa, 8-10 kDa and 100 Da). This study highlights the potential of HILIC and C18 chromatography combined with non-targeted mass spectrometric methods to detect the polar and semi-polar metabolite species of the ruminal fluid metabolome.</p>
Project description:Hong2004 - Genome-scale metabolic network of
Mannheimia succiniciproducens (iSH335)
This model is described in the article:
The genome sequence of the
capnophilic rumen bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens.
Hong SH, Kim JS, Lee SY, In YH, Choi
SS, Rih JK, Kim CH, Jeong H, Hur CG, Kim JJ.
Nat. Biotechnol. 2004 Oct; 22(10):
1275-1281
Abstract:
The rumen represents the first section of a ruminant
animal's stomach, where feed is collected and mixed with
microorganisms for initial digestion. The major gas produced in
the rumen is CO(2) (65.5 mol%), yet the metabolic
characteristics of capnophilic (CO(2)-loving) microorganisms
are not well understood. Here we report the 2,314,078 base pair
genome sequence of Mannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E, a
recently isolated capnophilic Gram-negative bacterium from
bovine rumen, and analyze its genome contents and metabolic
characteristics. The metabolism of M. succiniciproducens was
found to be well adapted to the oxygen-free rumen by using
fumarate as a major electron acceptor. Genome-scale metabolic
flux analysis indicated that CO(2) is important for the
carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate, which is
converted to succinic acid by the reductive tricarboxylic acid
cycle and menaquinone systems. This characteristic metabolism
allows highly efficient production of succinic acid, an
important four-carbon industrial chemical.
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Project description:Organisms of the third domain of life, the Archaea, share molecular characteristics both with bacteria and eukarya. These organisms attract scientific attention as research models for regulation and evolution of processes such as transcription, translation and RNA processing. We have reconstructed the primary transcriptome of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, one of the most widely studied model archaeal organisms. Analysis of 625 million bases of sequenced cDNAs yielded a single-bp resolution map of transcription start sites and operon structures for more than 1000 transcriptional units. The analysis led to the discovery of 310 expressed non-coding RNAs, with an extensive expression of overlapping cis-antisense transcripts to a level unprecedented in any bacteria or archaea but resembling that of eukaryotes. As opposed to bacterial transcripts, most Sulfolobus transcripts completely lack 5' UTR sequences, suggesting that mRNA/ncRNA interactions differ between bacteria and archaea. The data also reveal internal hotspots for transcript cleavage linked to RNA degradation, and predict sequence motifs that promote RNA destabilization. This study emphasizes the importance of transcriptome sequencing as a key tool for understanding the mechanisms and extent of RNA-based regulation for bacteria and archaea. 5 samples of cDNA sequencing (2 of these are replicates), and 3 samples of RACE-cDNA sequencing (described in the samples section).
Project description:Organisms of the third domain of life, the Archaea, share molecular characteristics both with bacteria and eukarya. These organisms attract scientific attention as research models for regulation and evolution of processes such as transcription, translation and RNA processing. We have reconstructed the primary transcriptome of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, one of the most widely studied model archaeal organisms. Analysis of 625 million bases of sequenced cDNAs yielded a single-bp resolution map of transcription start sites and operon structures for more than 1000 transcriptional units. The analysis led to the discovery of 310 expressed non-coding RNAs, with an extensive expression of overlapping cis-antisense transcripts to a level unprecedented in any bacteria or archaea but resembling that of eukaryotes. As opposed to bacterial transcripts, most Sulfolobus transcripts completely lack 5' UTR sequences, suggesting that mRNA/ncRNA interactions differ between bacteria and archaea. The data also reveal internal hotspots for transcript cleavage linked to RNA degradation, and predict sequence motifs that promote RNA destabilization. This study emphasizes the importance of transcriptome sequencing as a key tool for understanding the mechanisms and extent of RNA-based regulation for bacteria and archaea.
Project description:Multi-omics integration analysis of rumen microorganisms isolated from cows fed either an ad lib or restricted diet, and comparing this with methane emission rates for the cows.