Project description:Background and Study:Cumin seed oil (extracted from Cuminum cyminum) has many applications but conclusive evidence of its therapeutic uses has not been presented. This study has explored the anticancer and antibacterial properties of the seed oil. Methods:The cumin nanoemulsion was prepared with Tween 80 non-ionic surfactant employing ultra-sonication technology. The anticancer activity of the nanoscale-based emulsion was evaluated through cell viability (MTT), antiproliferation evaluation through clonogenic assay, and apoptosis through Annexin V-FITC assay. Agar well diffusion was used to study the antimicrobial activity, and this was supported by membrane integrity analysis. Results:A thorough study of process parameters, aimed at obtaining the optimal surface concentration and emulsification time, was completed. GC-MS data indicated cumaldehyde as a major component. The resultant droplet diameter after a sonication time of 5 min was 10.4 ± 0.5 nm. MTT assay revealed the IC50 value at 1.5 µL/mL and the early induction of apoptosis was evident. Tongue carcinoma cell line treated with cumin nanoemulsion presented a diminished colony formation. The nanoemulsion exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. A significant cytoplasmic leakage was observed on treatment with cumin nanoemulsion. The consequences of the analysis projected cumin as a potential component for cancer therapy. Conclusion:This study provides definitive evidence for cumin essential oil nanoemulsion as a legitimate plant-based medicine that can bypass the drawbacks of the present aggressive treatment of cancer, can overcome the antimicrobial resistance, and can also meet all prerequisites.
Project description:Cuminum cyminum (Apiaceae) is an economically important plant, whose fruits are usually used as flavoring, and also have pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, and so on. In this study, we assembled and annotated complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of C. cyminum. The results showed that the complete cp genome of C. cyminum was 157,839 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,927bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,598bp, and two inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 28,157bp. In total, 131 genes were annotated, comprising of 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. cyminum belongs to the tribe Scandiceae, and showed close relationship with Daucus carota.
Project description:IntroductionThe aims of this study were i) to define the chemical constituents of Cuminum cyminum (cumin) essential oil, ii) to compare the antimicrobial activity of this oil to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) and co-trimoxazole on planktonic and biofilm forms of bacteria isolated from the teeth with persistent endodontic infection and iii ) to compare the cytotoxicity of these medicaments on L929 fibroblasts.Methods and materialsThree groups of microorganisms [aerobic bacterial mixture, anaerobic bacterial mixture and Enterococcus faecalis (E .faecalis)] were isolated from the teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. Zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and time-kill tests were performed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the medicaments. Further, a cytocompatibility analysis of the medicaments was performed on L929 fibroblasts. The results obtained from disc diffusion test and mean cell viability values of the experimental medicaments were analyzed using two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsSeventeen constituents were recognized in cumin oil (predominantly cumin aldehyde and γ-terpinene). Co-trimoxazole showed the greatest ZOI followed by cumin and CHX. The smallest MIC and MBC belonged to co-trimoxazole followed by cumin and CHX for all groups of bacteria except for E. faecalis for which the MBC of cumin was smaller than co-trimoxazole. The results of time-kill assay revealed that all medicaments totally inhibited the bacterial growth in all groups after 24 h. CHX was the most cytotoxic solution while there were no significant differences between the cytocompatibility of different concentrations of cumin essential oil and co-trimoxazole.ConclusionCumin exhibited a strong antimicrobial efficiency against the microbial flora of the teeth with failed endodontic treatments and it was biocompatible for L929 mouse fibroblasts.
Project description:Amyloid pathology is associated with fibril aggregation of different proteins which results in the progressive damage of affected organs. It is strongly believed that specific small molecules interfere with fibrillation by interacting with the amyloidogenic proteins. We had previously reported the strong and long-term inhibition of fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) by Cuminum cyminum oil. Herein, it was intended to rationally identify the active anti-amyloidogenic compounds of the oil. After fractionation, the highest inhibitory effect was observed in the toluene-ethyl acetate part of the oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of this fraction indicated that eight compounds were predominantly present in the fraction. Unexpectedly, two compounds including terpinolene and limonene, having very similar chemical structures, inhibited and induced fibrillation, respectively. PC12 cells (derived from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma) were affected by HEWL fibrils, whereas the inhibited forms of fibrils in the presence of terpinolene led to higher levels of viability, as shown by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flow cytometry assays. Molecular local docking analysis suggested a site of interaction for terpinolene in the flexible cleft of the protein. This interaction site is close to tryptophan -62 and -63 and two other hydrophobic residues in the hot spot regions of the protein. Seemingly, these interactions interrupt protein self-assembly and therefore, fibril formation. Despite previously reported small anti-amyloid molecules which have aromatic flat rings, terpinolene ring is not flat. This functionally durable small molecule may aid us toward developing new anti-amyloidogenic compounds with extended activity.